View source for Phoenician based alphabets


The following alphabets are derived from the ancient Phoenician abjad writing system.<ref>This chart was adapted from Wikipedia.org.</ref> The Phoenician letters were acrophones based on Egyptian hieroglyphs, e.g., the first letter 𐤀 or ‎''ʔalp'' was the word for ''ox'' and the letter form was based on the hieroglyph for ''ox''. The Georgian alphabet is of unknown origins, but is thought to be based on Semitic scripts such as Aramaic and others, which were derived from Phoenician. 


{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Phoenician letter !! Name !! Possible meaning !! Phonetic value !! Origin !! Hebrew !! Arabic !! Ethiopian Ge'ez !! Greek !! Egyptian Coptic !! Old Italic !! Germanic Runes !!  Latin !! Slavic Cyrillic !!  Georgian !! Armenian
|-
|  𐤀‎
|   ʾalp
|  ox
|  ʾ  &nbsp; [ʔ]
|  𓃾
|   א
|   ﺍ
|   አ
|   Αα
|  Ⲁⲁ
|  𐌀
|   ᚨ
|   Aa
|   Аа
|   ა/ⴀ/Ⴀ
|  Ա/ա
|-
|  𐤁‎
|   bēt
|  house, cow
|  b &nbsp;  [b]
|  𓉐
|   ב
|   ﺏ
|   በ
|   Ββ
|  Ⲃⲃ
|  𐌁
|   ᛒ
|   Bb
|   Бб,  Вв
|   ბ/ⴁ/Ⴁ
|  Բ/բ
|-
|  𐤂‎
|   gimel
|  throwing stick, camel, calf, drink
|  g &nbsp;  [ɡ]
|  𓌙
|   ג
|   ﺝ
|   ገ
|   Γγ
|  Ⲅⲅ
|  𐌂
|   ᚷ,  ᛃ
|   Cc,  Gg
|   Гг,  Ґґ
|   გ/ⴂ/Ⴂ
|  Գ/գ
|-
|  𐤃‎
|   dalt
|  door, udder, bucket
|  d &nbsp;  [d]
|  𓇯
|   ד
|   د,  ذ
|   ደ
|   Δδ
|  Ⲇⲇ
|  𐌃
|   ᛞ
|   Dd
|   Дд
|   დ/ⴃ/Ⴃ
|  Դ/դ
|-
|  𐤄‎
|   hē
|  window, feather, pen
|  h &nbsp;  [h]
|  𓀠
|   ה
|   ه
|   ሀ
|   Εε
|  Ⲉⲉ
|  𐌄
|   ᛖ
|   Ee
|   Ее,  Єє,  Ээ
|   ე/ⴄ/Ⴄ
|  Ե/ե, Է/է, Ը/ը
|-
|  𐤅‎
|   wāw
|  hook, hoe
|  w &nbsp;  [w]
|  𓏲
|   ו
|   ﻭ
|   ወ
|  ( Ϝϝ),  Υυ
|  Ⲩⲩ
|  𐌅, 𐌖
|   ᚹ
|   Ff,  Uu,  Vv,  Yy,  Ww
|  ( Ѵѵ),  Уу,  Ўў
|   ვ/ⴅ/Ⴅ
|  Վ/վ
|-
|  𐤆‎
|   zēn
|  weapon, plough, grain-wagon
|  z &nbsp;  [d͡z]
|  𓏭
|   ז
|   ﺯ
|   ዘ
|   Ζζ
|  Ⲍⲍ
|  𐌆
|   ᛉ
|   Zz
|   Зз
|   ზ/ⴆ/Ⴆ
|  Զ/զ
|-
|  𐤇‎
|   ḥēt
|  wall, courtyard
|  ḥ &nbsp;  [x]
|  𓉗 or 𓈈
|   ח
|   ح,  خ
|   ሐ,  ኀ
|   Ηη
|  Ⲏⲏ
|  𐌇
|   ᚺ/ᚻ
|   Hh
|   Ии,  Йй
|   ი/ⴈ/Ⴈ
|  Ի/ի, Խ/խ
|-
|  𐤈‎
|   ṭēt
|  wheel
|  ṭ &nbsp;  [t]
|  𓄤
|   ט
|   ط,  ظ
|   ጠ
|   Θθ
|  Ⲑⲑ
|  𐌈
|   ᚦ
|  Þþ 
|  ( Ѳѳ)
|   თ/ⴇ/Ⴇ
|  Թ/թ
|-
|  𐤉‎
|   yad
|  hand, shovel, handle
|  y &nbsp;  [j]
|  𓂝
|   י
|   ي
|   የ
|   Ιι
|  Ⲓⲓ
|  𐌉
|   ᛁ
|   Ii,  Jj
|   Іі,  Її,  Јј
|   ჲ
|  Յ/յ
|-
|  𐤊‎
|   kap
|  palm of a hand, dustpan
|  k &nbsp;  [k]
|  𓂧
|   כך
|   ﻙ
|   ከ
|   Κκ
|  Ⲕⲕ
|  𐌊
|   ᚲ
|   Kk
|   Кк
|   კ/ⴉ/Ⴉ
|  Կ/կ
|-
|  𐤋‎
|   lamed
|   goad
|  l &nbsp;  [l]
|  𓌅
|   ל
|   ﻝ
|   ለ
|   Λλ
|  Ⲗⲗ
|  𐌋
|   ᛚ
|   Ll
|   Лл
|   ლ/ⴊ/Ⴊ
|  Լ/լ
|-
|  𐤌‎
|   mēm
|  water
|  m &nbsp;  [m]
|  𓈖
|   מם
|   ﻡ
|   መ
|   Μμ
|  Ⲙⲙ
|  𐌌
|   ᛗ
|   Mm
|   Мм
|   მ/ⴋ/Ⴋ
|  Մ/մ
|-
|  𐤍‎
|   nūn
|  fish, serpent
|  n &nbsp;  [n]
|  𓆓
|   נן
|   ﻥ
|   ነ
|   Νν
|  Ⲛⲛ
|  𐌍
|   ᚾ
|   Nn
|   Нн
|   ნ/ⴌ/Ⴌ
|  Ն/ն
|-
|  𐤎‎
|   sāmek
|  fishbone, fish,  djed
|  s &nbsp;  [s]
|  𓊽
|   ס
|  س
|   ሰ
|   Ξξ,  Χχ
|  Ⲝⲝ, Ⲭⲭ
|  𐌎, 𐌗
|   ᛊ,ᛋ
|   Xx
|  ( Ѯѯ),  Хх
|   ს/ⴑ/Ⴑ
|  Ս/ս
|-
|  𐤏‎
|   ʿēn
|  eye, water-spring
|  ʿ &nbsp;  [ʕ]
|  𓁹
|   ע
|   ع,  غ
|   ዐ
|   Οο,  Ωω
|  Ⲟⲟ, Ⲱⲱ
|  𐌏
|   ᛟ
|   Oo
|   Оо
|   ო/ⴍ/Ⴍ
|  Օ/օ
|-
|  𐤐‎
|   pē
|  mouth, well
|  p &nbsp;  [p]
|  𓂋
|   פף
|   ف
|   ፐ, ፈ
|   Ππ
|  Ⲡⲡ
|  𐌐
|   ᛈ
|   Pp
|   Пп
|   პ/ⴎ/Ⴎ
|  Պ/պ
|-
|  𐤑‎
|   ṣade
|  plant/sapling, fishnet, fishing hook
|  ṣ &nbsp;  [t͡s]
|  𓇑
|   צץ
|   ص,  ض
|   ጸ, ጰ, ፀ
|  ( Ϻϻ)
|  –
|  𐌑
|  —
|  –
|   Цц,  Чч,  Џџ
|   ც/ⴚ/Ⴚ
|  Ց/ց
|-
|  𐤒‎
|   qūp
|  needle eye
|  q &nbsp;  [q]
|  𓃻
|   ק
|   ﻕ
|   ቀ
|  ( Ϙϙ),  Φφ,  Ψψ
|  Ϥϥ, Ⲫⲫ, Ⲯⲯ
|  𐌒, 𐌘, 𐌙
|  –
|   Qq
|  ( Ҁҁ,  Фф)
|   ქ/ⴕ/Ⴕ
|  Ք/ք, Փ/փ, Ֆ/ֆ
|-
|  𐤓‎
|   rūš
|  head, harpoon
|  r &nbsp;  [r]
|  𓁶
|   ר
|   ﺭ
|   ረ
|   Ρρ
|  Ⲣⲣ
|  𐌓
|   ᚱ
|   Rr
|   Рр
|   რ/ⴐ/Ⴐ
|  Ր/ր
|-
|  𐤔‎
|   šīn
|  tooth, toothed knife
|  š &nbsp;  [ʃ]
|  𓌓
|   ש
|   ش,  س
|   ሠ
|   Σσς
|  Ⲋⲋ, Ⲥⲥ, Ϣϣ
|  𐌔
|   ᛊ/ᛋ
|   Ss
|   Сс,  Шш,  Щщ
|   შ/ⴘ/Ⴘ
|  Շ/շ
|-
|  𐤕‎
|   tāw
|  mark
|  t &nbsp;  [θ]
|  𓏴
|   ת
|   ت,  ث
|   ተ
|   Ττ
|  Ⲋⲋ, Ⲧⲧ
|  𐌕
|   ᛏ
|   Tt
|   Тт
|   ტ/ⴒ/
|  Տ/տ
|-
|}



In addition, Coptic derived the following letters from Demotic script. These letters had somewhat different names and pronunciations in different dialects of Coptic. 
{| class="wikitable"
! Demotic !! Coptic !! Phonetic value 
|-
| [[File:demotique sh.png]] || Ϣ || š  [ʃ]
|-
| [[File:demotique f.png]] || Ϥ || [f]
|-
| [[File:demotique kh.png]] || Ϧ  || [x]
|-
| [[File:demotique h.png]] || Ϩ || [h]
|-
| [[File:demotique j.png]] || Ϫ || j [ʤ]
|-
| [[File:demotique tsh.png]] ||Ϭ || c [kʲ], [cʰ], [ʃ], [tʃ, e̞tʃ]
|-
| [[File:demotique ti.png]] || Ϯ || [di], [ti]
|}


==See also==
Writing systems
[[Runes]]


[[Category:Orthography]] [[Category:Historical linguistics]]