Difference between revisions of "Korean syllabary"

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(Created page with "Korean syllables {| |- || ===자음 [子音]:=== ㄱ ㄲㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ || || ===모음 [母音]:=== ㅏㅐㅑ...")
 
 
(44 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
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Korean syllables
+
Korean syllables: The following is a list of common Korean syllables and associated words of medium to high frequency, for mnemonic purposes.
  
  
 
{|   
 
{|   
−
|- 
 
−
|| ===자음 [子音]:===
 
−
 
−
ㄱ ㄲㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ
 
−
||
 
−
 
−
 
−
|| ===모음 [母音]:===
 
−
 
−
ㅏㅐㅑㅒ ㅓㅔㅕㅖㅗㅘㅙㅚㅛ ㅜㅝㅞㅟㅠㅡㅢ ㅣ
 
 
|-
 
|-
 +
| '''자음''' (子音):     || ㄱ ㄲㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ
 +
|-
 +
| '''모음''' (母音): || | ㅏㅐㅑㅒ ㅓㅔㅕㅖㅗㅘㅙㅚㅛ ㅜㅝㅞㅟㅠㅡㅢ ㅣ
 
|}
 
|}
  
  
 +
 +
== ㄱ ==
 +
기역
  
  
 +
; 가 :
  
 +
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 가 || 가지 eggplant; 가시 thorn, prickle; fish bone;
 +
|-
 +
|각 || 각(도) angle (角); 각주 footnote
 +
|-
 +
|간 || liver
 +
|-
 +
|갈 || 갈매기 seagull; 갈색 brown
 +
|-
 +
|감 || 감 persimmon;  감자 potato <br> 감다 close (eyes); wind (up), coil
 +
|-
 +
|갑 || 갑 case, box, packet; e.g., 지갑 wallet, coin purse; 장갑 glove
 +
|-
 +
|값 || price, worth, value
 +
|-
 +
|갓 || traditional hat, bamboo / horsehair hat, e.g., 삿갓
 +
|-
 +
|강 || river; strong
 +
|-
 +
|갖 || 갖다, 갖은 prepare, be equipped w.; (have) all kinds of, every, complete
 +
|-
 +
|같 || 같이, 같다
 +
|-
 +
|개 || dog; open
 +
|-
 +
|갱 || gangster, mobster
 +
|-
 +
|객 || guest
  
 +
|}
  
−
==  ㄱ ==
 
  
−
===가 ===
 
  
−
가지 eggplant; 가시 thorn, prickle; fish bone
+
; 거:
  
−
각 각(도) angle [角]<nowiki>; 각주 </nowiki>footnote
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 거 || 거북기 turtle; 거울 mirror;
 +
|-
 +
|걱 || 주걱 spatula, rice paddle; 걱정 (하다) worry, anxiety;
 +
|-
 +
|건 || 건조기 (clothes) dryer; 소건 towel; 건물 building, structure, edifice
 +
|-
 +
|걷 || 걷다 fold up, roll up (e.g., sleeves), gather together, collect
 +
|-
 +
|걸 || 걸레 rag, rag mop (대걸레 mop; 자루걸레 handle mop); Schlampe; 걸다 / 걸리다
 +
|-
 +
|검 || 검다, 검은색 black; 검은콩 black beans 
 +
|-
 +
|겁 || 겁 fear, fright, dread, cowardice, terror; timid (겁나다) (怯 qiè)  
 +
|-
 +
|것 || 것 thing; -것댜 tag Q; I think/suppose
 +
|-
 +
|겆 || -
 +
|-
 +
|겉 || surface, face, exterior, outer, right side; unhulled grain
 +
|-
 +
|게 || crab
 +
|-
 +
|겨 || 겨 grain/rice husks/hulls, chaff, bran, grit; 겨울 winter겨드랑이 armpit
 +
|-
 +
|격 || frame; class; case (gram.) (格 gé
 +
|-
 +
|겪 || 겪다 experience, undergo
 +
|-
 +
|견 || 견과 nut; 애견 pet (犬quǎn); 견인 to tow (car) (牵引 qiānyîn); 견 (絹) a sheet of silk (for painting or writing)
 +
|-
 +
|겯 || -
 +
|-
 +
|결 || knot, tie, bind (結 jié); grain, texture; disposition, temper; decide 決 (결정~); 결혼~ marry
 +
|-
 +
|겹 || layer
 +
|-
 +
|겻 || -
 +
|-
 +
|경 || 경마 horse racing; 안경 eyeglasses; (鏡jìng); scriptures, classics
  
−
간 liver
+
|}
  
−
갈릴매기 gull;
 
  
−
색 brown; 갈다 grind, sharpen
 
  
−
감persimmon; feel, feeling; 감자 potato
+
; 고:
  
−
다 close (eyes); wind (up), coil
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 고 || 고릴라 gorilla; 고양이 cat; 고 warehouse, storage (庫kù)
 +
|-
 +
|곡 || 곡 valley (zh); 곡식 grain;
 +
|-
 +
|곤 || 곤돌라 gondola; 곤봉 club, cudgel; 곤색 navy, dark blue
 +
|-
 +
|곧 || 곧다 be straight (length), upright; 곧 soon
 +
|-
 +
|골 || valley; goal (sports) 시골 countryside
 +
|-
 +
|곰 || bear
 +
|-
 +
|곱 || 곱창 fried intestines; 봅셈, 곱다 multiplication; <br>곱다 beautiful, pretty, lovely, nice; warm / kind(-hearted), good-natured; soft, smooth; numb (from cold)
 +
|-
 +
|곳 || place, spot, seat
 +
|-
 +
|공 || ball; peacock (공작, 孔雀); zero
 +
|-
 +
|곶 || 곶감 dried persimmon
 +
|-
 +
|과 || fruit; past, pass, cross (過)
 +
|-
 +
|곽 || city wall (郭 guō); outer coffin (槨 guǒ);
 +
|-
 +
|관 || tube, pipe; (public) building;
 +
|-
 +
|광 || 광어 flatfish, halibut; 광~ shine, brightness; wide, broad
 +
|-
 +
|괴 || 괴물 monster; 괴 strange; 괴롭다 painful, distressing, hard; awkward
 +
|-
 +
|굉 || 굉장~ wonderful, great, amazing, magnificent, excellent; 굉 (宏 hóng) great
 +
|-
 +
|교 || 교과서 textbook; 교 teach(ing), school; bridge
 +
 +
|}
  
−
갑갑 case, box, packet; e.g., 지갑 wallet, coin purse<nowiki>; 장갑 glove</nowiki>
 
  
−
값price, worth, value
 
  
−
갓fresh, brand new, e.g., 갓난 아기 infant; bamboo / horsehair hat, e.g., 삿갓<span style=="color:#0034ac;">=== ===</span>
+
; 구:
  
−
강river; strong
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 구 || 구름 cloud; mouth, hole (구멍); nine; 구슬 marble
 +
|-
 +
|국 || soup, broth; 국자 ladle
 +
|-
 +
|군 || military, soldier
 +
|-
 +
|굳 || 굳다 hard, stiff, strong; tight; solemn
 +
|-
 +
|굽 || heel; 말발굽 horseshoe; 굽다 roast, grill, barbecue (ㅂ→Ø); 굽다 curve, bend, crooked (ㅂ↛Ø)
 +
|-
 +
|굿 || 굿 shamanistic ritual or exorcism
 +
|-
 +
|굴 || oyster; cave, tunnel (동굴)
 +
|-
 +
|굵 || 굵다, 굵은, 굵기 thick (e.g., liquid); big, fat, deep, large, stout (ㄹ=Ø)
 +
|-
 +
|궂 || 궂다 bad, foul (e.g., weather)
 +
|-
 +
|궁 || palace (宮);
 +
|-
 +
|권 || volume, book, document, ticket (卷)
 +
|-
 +
|귀 || ear; 귀뚜라미 cricket
 +
|-
 +
|규 || 규정 (規定) rule, regulation, code; to prescribe, require; 규소 silicon; 규 regulation, scale, rule, pattern (規 guí)
 +
|-
 +
|균 || germ, virus (菌 jūn), 균류 fungus
 +
|-
 +
|귤 || clementine
 +
 +
|}
  
−
갖갖다, 갖은 prepare, be equipped w.; (have) all kinds of, every, complete
 
  
−
같같이, 같다
 
  
−
개dog; open
+
; 그:
  
−
갱gang(ster)  
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 그 || 그내 swing; 그릇 bowl; dish, plate, container; 그림 painting, picture; 그리다 draw, paint;
 +
|-
 +
|극 || drama; pole, extreme
 +
|-
 +
|근 || root 根; muscle (筋 jīn)
 +
|-
 +
|글 || 글자 letter, character; 
 +
|-
 +
|긁 || 긁다 scratch, claw, scrape; scrape, gather up
 +
|-
 +
|금 || gold
 +
|-
 +
|급 || sharp (e.g., curve); class, grade; urgent, fast; 급~ urgent, pressing; (急 jí) anxious, urgent, priority
 +
 +
|}
  
−
객guest
 
  
  
−
===거===
+
; 기:
  
−
거북기 turtle; 거울 mirror;  
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 기 || 기린 giraffe; 기 machine (기계)
 +
|-
 +
|긴 || tense, tight (緊jǐn); 긴장 (緊張) nervous, tense; long
 +
|-
 +
|김 || seaweed laver
 +
|-
 +
|길 || road
 +
|-
 +
|깃 || collar, lapel; 옷깃 collar; 깃발 flag
 +
|-
 +
|깊 || 깊다 deep (e.g., water); bottomless, remote, isolated; profound; bad, serious
 +
 +
|}
  
−
걱 주걱 spatula, rice paddle; 걱정 (하다) worry, anxiety;
 
  
−
건소건 towel; 건 dry; build, establish
 
  
−
걷걷다 walk
+
== ㄲ ==
 +
쌍기역
  
−
걸걸레 rag mop (대걸레, 자루걸레); Schlampe; 걸다 / 걸리다
 
  
−
검검다, 검은색 black
+
; 까:
  
−
겁fear, cowardice, fright, timid (겁나다) [怯 qiè]
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 까 || 까치; 까마귀 crow; 까다 peel, husk, crack; 까다롭다 difficult, fussy 까맣다 black; complete (까만게)  
 +
|-
 +
|깐 || 잠깐 for a short time
 +
|-
 +
|깍 || 깍두기 cubed radish kimchi
 +
|-
 +
|깎 || 깎이 sharpener, peeler, e.g., 연필깎이, 손톱깎이; 깎다 peel, shave, cut, sharpen; discount
 +
|-
 +
|깔 || 깔개 rug, mat; 깔때기 funnel; 깔다 spread, stretch, lay out (by layering, in layers) (e.g., carpet; sitting); pave, cover; 깔끔~ neat, tidy
 +
|-
 +
|깜 || 깜짝 startled, shock; 깜박 blink
 +
|-
 +
|깝 || 아깝다 regrettable, pitiable; precious, dear, worthy 가깝다 near(by), close 깝- frivolous(ly), e.g., 깝신거리다 act thoughtlessly, frivolously
 +
|-
 +
|깡 || 깡통 tin can
 +
|-
 +
| 깨|| sesame; 깨끗~ clean; 깨다 wake up, awake; sober up; break, smash;
 +
|-
 +
|깽 || 깽깽 moan, whimper (onom.)
 +
 +
|}
  
−
것것 thing; -것댜 tag Q; I think/suppose
 
  
−
겆
 
  
−
겉surface, face, exterior, outer, right side; unhulled grain
+
; 꺼:
  
−
게 crab
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 꺼 || 꺼풀 skin, outer layer; 눈꺼풀 꺼내다 eyelid; 꺼내다 take / pull / bring out, remove; 꺼지다 be extinghuished, blow out
 +
|-
 +
|꺾 || 꺾임 break, bend, snap; 꺾다 break, snap off; fold; turn, bend (타)꺾쇠 clamp, cramp iron
 +
|-
 +
| 껌|| gum
 +
|-
 +
|껍 || 껍데기 shell (e.g., mollusk, nut), skin, rind, crust, husk; 껍질 peel, rind, bark, skin, hull, shell
 +
|-
 +
| 껏 || with all possible _; as far/much as possible, to the utmost, as hard as one can (e.g., 힘껏)
 +
|-
 +
| 껑|| 뚜껑 lid
 +
|-
 +
|께 || DAT-HON.; -께 about, around
  
−
겨겨 grain/rice husks/hulls, chaff, bran; 겨울 winter겨드랑이 armpit
+
|}
  
−
격frame; class; case (gram.) [格 gé
 
  
−
겪겪다 experience, undergo
 
  
−
견견과 nut;애견 pet [犬quǎn]; 견인 to tow (car) [牵引 qiānyîn]
+
; 꼬:
  
−
겯
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 꼬 || 꼬막 cockle (shellfish); 꼬치 skewered meat 꼬다 twist, bend; 꼬리 tail꼬끼오 rooster sound
 +
|-
 +
|꼭 || 꼭지 tap, faucet; <br>exactly, precisely, just; firmly, tightly, fast; surely, by all means;
 +
|-
 +
|꼴 || fodder; look, shape, condition, form; personal appearance, countenance
 +
|-
 +
|꼼 || 꼼꼼~ meticulous, precise, exact; 꼼치 grassfish, snailfish
 +
|-
 +
|꼿 || -
 +
|-
 +
|꼽 || 꼽다 to count (on fingers), mention
 +
|-
 +
|꽁 || end, tail; 꽁초 end, butt (e.g. cigarette); 꽁치 mackerel pike
 +
|-
 +
|꽂 || 꽂이 stand, rack, shelf꽂다 stick in/thru s.t., insert
 +
|-
 +
|꽃 || flower
 +
|-
 +
|꽈 || -
 +
|-
 +
|꽝 || 우스꽝스럽다 ridiculous, funny
 +
|-
 +
| 꽉 || tightly, fast, firmly; fully, close, compact (fill)
 +
|-
 +
|꽤 || quite, pretty
 +
|-
 +
|꾀 || 꾀다 to tempt, allure, entice, seduce
 +
 +
|}
  
−
결knot, tie, bind [結 jié]; grain, texture; disposition, temper; decide 決 [결정~]; 결혼~ marry
 
  
−
겹layer
 
  
−
겻
+
; 꾸:
  
−
경mirror, -scope [鏡jìng]; scriptures, classics
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"|꾸 || 꾸다 dream꾸미다 decorate; invent, fabricate
 +
|-  
 +
|꾼 || one occupied / engaged with, e.g., 사양꾼 hunter
 +
|-
 +
|꿀 || honey
 +
|-
 +
|꿇 || 꿇다 kneel (down)
 +
|-
 +
|꿈 || dream
 +
|-
 +
|꿩 || pheasant
 +
|-
 +
|뀌 || -
 +
|-
 +
|꿰 || 꿰다 to thread, to pass/run thru
  
 +
|}
  
 
   
 
   
  
−
===고===
+
; 끄 :
  
−
고릴라 gorilla; 고양이 cat; 고 warehouse, storage [庫kù]
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 끄 || 끄다 put out, extinguish, turn off;  끄덕 a nod; 끄덕이다 to give a nod (of the head)
 +
|-
 +
|끈 || string, cord (e.g., shoelace)
 +
|-
 +
|끊 || 끊다 turn off, cut off, sever; abstain from, stop, hang up
 +
|-
 +
|끌 || chisel; 끌다 drag, pull, haul; prolong; draw
 +
|-
 +
|끓 || 끓다 boil (차), 끓이다 (타)
 +
|-
 +
|끔 || 끔벅~ flicker, waver, twinkle; wink, blink; 끔짝~ terrible, awful 라끔 sometimes, occasionally
 +
|-
 +
|꼽 || 꼽등이 camel/cave cricket
 +
|-
 +
|끗 || 끗수 points, score; 깨끗~ clean
 +
|-
 +
|끝 || end, finish; 끝나다
 +
 +
|}
  
−
곡계곡 valley [zh]; 곡식 grain;
 
  
−
곤곤돌라 gondola; 곤봉 club, cudgel; 곤색 navy, dark blue
 
  
−
곧곧다 be straight (length), upright;곧 soon
+
; 끼:
  
−
골valley; goal (sports) 시골 countryside
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 끼 || 끼니 (small) meal; 끼다 insert, wrap, pull over/on, wear, put on; hold in arms;
  
−
곰bear
+
|}
  
−
곱곱창 fried intestines; 봅셈, 곱~ multiplication;
+
== ㄴ ==
 +
니은
  
−
곱다 beautiful, pretty, lovely, nice; warm / kind(-hearted), good-natured; soft, smooth; numb (from cold)
 
  
−
곳 place, spot, seat
+
;나:
  
−
공ball; peacock [공작, 孔雀]; zero
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 나 || 나비 butterfly; 나방 moth; 나무 tree;
 +
|-
 +
|낙 || 낙타 camel; (樂) fall(ing)
 +
|-
 +
|난 || naan; 난초 orchid
 +
|-
 +
|날 || blade; 날다 to fly
 +
|-
 +
|낡 || 낡다 old (objects, cf. 늙-); shabby, old-fashioned, obsolete (ㄹ=Ø)
 +
|-
 +
|남 || male; south; 남다 remain
 +
|-
 +
|납 || 납 lead (Pb); 사납다 wild, violent, fierce, aggressive; stormy
 +
|-
 +
|낫 || 낫다 be better (than), superior; get better, get well, recover
 +
|-
 +
|낭 || sack, purse, pouch (囊 náng)
 +
|-
 +
|낮 || day, daytime; 낮다 low, flat; humble
 +
|-
 +
|낯 || face, countenance낯익다 familiar; 낯살다 unfamiliar
 +
|-
 +
|낱 || 낱개 a piece, unit, item, each, individual
 +
|-
 +
|낳 || 낳다 give birth, bear; produce, yield
 +
|-
 +
|내 || inside, internal; 내다 give, put; hand in; pay; do s.t. thru, get s.t. done
 +
|-
 +
|냄 || 냄비 pot, pan; 냄새 smell
 +
|-
 +
|냉 || cold
 +
|-
 +
|냥 || 사냥~ hunt; 사냥꾼 hunter
 +
 +
|}
  
−
곶곶감 dried persimmon
 
  
−
과fruit; past, pass, cross [過]
 
  
−
곽city wall [郭 guō]; outer coffin [槨 guǒ];  
+
; 너 :
  
−
관tube, pipe; (public) building;  
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 너 || 너구리 raccoon; 너트 nut (mech.)
 +
|-
 +
|넉 || 넉넉~, 넉넉하게enough, sufficient
 +
|-
 +
|넋 || -
 +
|-
 +
|넌 || 넌더리 (나다) disgusted, fed up, sick of
 +
|-
 +
|널 || 널다 stretch, spread out, hang (out) (e.g., clothes); <br> 널(짠지) board, plank, shingle
 +
|-
 +
|넓 || 넓다 be wide, broad, roomy, spacious
 +
|-
 +
|넘 || 넘다 pass (over/thru) (spat./temp.), cross, go over/across; exceed, pass, go/be over; 넘치다 overflow, brim over; 넘기다 pass; pass / turn (over), hit over; turn (page); 넘어지다 fall (down), trip
 +
|-
 +
|넣 || 넣다 put s.t. in, fill
 +
|-
 +
|네 || 네온 neon; 네 yes; four; 네거 film negative
 +
|-
 +
|넥 || 넥타이 necktie
 +
|-
 +
|녀 || female
 +
|-
 +
|녘 || -
 +
|-
 +
|년 || year, age
 +
|-
 +
|념 || think, thought, memorial
 +
|-
 +
| 녜 || -
  
−
광shine, brightness; wide, broad
+
|}
  
−
괴strange괴롭다 painful, distressing, hard; awkward
 
  
−
굉굉장~ wonderful, great, amazing, magnificent, excellent; 굉 [宏 hóng] great
 
  
−
교teach(ing), school; bridge
+
; 노:
  
 +
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 노 || 노트북 laptop; 노 old, elderly; 노란색, 로랗다 yellow; 노래 song
 +
|-
 +
|녹 || 녹색 green; 녹다 melt, dissolve, thaw; warm up
 +
|-
 +
|논 || discuss
 +
|-
 +
|놀 || 놀다 play, relax, hang out w.
 +
|-
 +
|놈 || fellow (neg.)
 +
|-
 +
|놋 || 놋쇠 brass
 +
|-
 +
|농 || 농부 farmer; 
 +
|-
 +
|높 || 높다 be high
 +
|-
 +
|놓 || 놓다 lay, put, place; release, let go; keep
 +
|-
 +
| 놔 || -
 +
|-
 +
|놰 || -
 +
|-
 +
|뇌 || brain
 +
|-
 +
| 뇨 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
−
===구===
 
  
−
구름 cloud; mouth, hole (구멍)<nowiki>; nine; </nowiki>구슬 marble
 
  
−
국soup; nation
+
; 누 :
  
−
군military, soldier
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 누 || 누룽지 crisped rice; 누나 older sister; 누르다 push, press; suppress; 누구? who?
 +
|-
 +
|눅 || 눅다 fall, come, drop down; warm up; soft, limp; damp
 +
|-
 +
|눈 || eye; snow
 +
|-
 +
|눌 || 눌리다 (>눌다) be pressed down, oppressed, squished; burned, scorched
 +
|-
 +
|눕 || 눕다 lie down, recline
 +
|-
 +
| 눠 || -
 +
|-
 +
| 눼 || -
 +
|-
 +
|뉘 || unhulled rice; paddy; 뉘앙스 nuance
 +
|-
 +
|뉴 || 뉴스; New York
  
−
굳굳다 hard, stiff, strong; tight; solemn
+
|}
  
−
굽굽다 roast, grill, barbecue [ㅂ→Ø]; 굽다 curve, bend, crooked [ㅂ↛Ø]
 
  
−
굿굿 shamanistic ritual or exorcism
 
  
−
굴oyster; cave, tunnel (동굴)
+
; 느 :
  
−
굵굵다, 굵은, 굵기 thick (e.g., liquid); big, fat, deep, large, stout [ㄹ==Ø]
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 느 || 느릅나무 elm tree; 느끼하다 greasy, oily; 느리다 slow, sluggish; 느끼다 feel, find, sense, experience; 느낌 impression, feeling; -느라고 due to, because of (V-stem+~)
 +
|-
 +
|늑 || 늑대 wolf; 늑골 rib
 +
|-
 +
|는 || (topic / contrast marker)
 +
|-
 +
|늘 || 바늘 sewing needle, pin; 늘다 increase, improve; grow, gain, multiply; make progress; 를리다 lengthen, extend, stretch (e.g., a band); 늘 always, all the time
 +
|-
 +
|늙 || 늙다 be/grow old, age (persons, cf. 낡-) (ㄹ: Ø)
 +
|-
 +
|늦 || 늦다 be late; slow, tardy, delayed
 +
|-
 +
|능 || able, ability; angle, edge
 +
|-
 +
|늬 || -
  
−
궁palace 宮;
+
|}
  
−
권volume, book, document, ticket 卷
 
  
−
귀ear; 귀뚜라미 cricket
 
  
−
규규소 silicon; regulation, scale, rule, pattern [規 guí]
+
; 니 :
  
−
균germ, virus [菌 jūn], 균류 fungus
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 니 || 니켈 nickel; 니코틴 nicotine
 +
|-
 +
|님 || VOC-HON.
  
−
귤clementine
+
|}
  
 +
 +
 +
== ㄷ ==
 +
디귿
  
−
===그===
 
  
−
그내 swing;
+
; 다:
  
−
그릇 bowl, dish, plate, container; 그림 painting, picture; 그리다 draw, paint;
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 다 || 다리 bridge; 다 many, much; 다치다 be hurt, wounded 다하다 run out; carry out, fulfill
 +
|-
 +
|닥 || 닥치다 shut up!
 +
|-
 +
|닦 || 닦다 clean, wipe, polish, wash
 +
|-
 +
|단 || 단호박 pumpkin; 단풍잎 maple leaf; 단 step, section; 단추 button 
 +
|-
 +
|닫 || 닫다 shut, close (door, shop); 닫히다 be closed
 +
|-
 +
|달 || moon; 달팽이 snail; 달다 sweet, sugary; hoist, hang (up), install, wear, put on; weigh
 +
|-
 +
|닳 || 닳다 wear out/off/down, be rubbed off/down
 +
|-
 +
|닭 || chicken
 +
|-
 +
|닮 || 닮다 resemble, look like
 +
|-
 +
|담 || 담 wall, fence, Mauer; phlegm, sputum; congestion; gallbladder; courage, pluck, nerves; converse, conversation
 +
<br>담 || 담다 put, fill, hold; 담기다 be in, be put in (stative), has, contain
 +
|-
 +
|답 || 답답하다 stuffy; 답다 be like, worthy of; 답reply;
 +
|-
 +
|닷 || 닷=다섯
 +
|-
 +
|당 || 당나귀 donkey; sugar; hall; faction, party; 당근 carrot 당기다 pull s.t.
 +
|-
 +
|닻 || anchor
 +
|-
 +
|닿 || 닿다 touch, reach; come into contact w.; get to; arrive at, reach
 +
|-
 +
|대 || bamboo; belt; pole, stalk, stem, rod, cane; <br>great; opposite; facing; to treat대다 put, touch; (V+~) do s.t. extremely; 대하디 treat; concerning, about
 +
|-
 +
|댁 || residence, home (宅 zhái)
 +
|-
 +
|댐 || dam
 +
|-
 +
|댕 || 오댕
  
−
극drama; pole, extreme
+
|}
  
−
근root 根; muscle [筋 jīn]
 
  
−
글writing, composition; letter, character
 
  
−
긁긁다 scratch, claw, scrape; scrape, gather up
+
; 더:
  
−
금gold
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 더 || 더위 heat; 더덕 (mountain herb & its root); 더럽다 dirty; 더미, 산더미 pile, stack, heap of s.t.; 더하다 add (+); 더 more; 더운 hot, warm;
 +
|-
 +
|덕 || goodness, kindness, mercy, virtue 德
 +
|-
 +
|덖 || 덖다 parch, roast (beans, coffee); be stained w. dirt, soiled
 +
|-
 +
|던 || 던지다 throw, hurl, fling, cast, toss; vote; project-던 pluperfect, past habitual (?)
 +
|-
 +
|덜 || less, little, incompletely, insufficiently, half-덜다 subtract, deduct; decrease, lessen, ease, mitigate; 덜미 scrape/scruff of neck
 +
|-
 +
|덤 || extra, addition(al)
 +
|-
 +
|덥 || 덥다 be warm, hot
 +
|-
 +
|덧 || 덧붙이다 add; 덧대다 add, join, place, attach (one layer over another)
 +
|-
 +
|덩 || 덩이 lump, mass, clod
 +
|-
 +
|덫 || ensnare, trap (e.g., mousetrap)
 +
|-
 +
|덮 || 덮개 cover, bedspread, book cover; 덮다 to cover (i.e., wide, fully, extensively)
 +
|-
 +
|데 || 데다 be burned, burn oneself, scalded; bitter experience
 +
|-
 +
|덱 || deck
 +
|-
 +
|덴 || 덴마크 Denmark
  
−
급sharp (e.g., curve); class, grade; urgent, fast 급~ urgent, pressing; [急 jí] anxious, urgent, priority
+
|}
  
  
−
===기===
 
  
−
기린 giraffe; 기 machine [기계]
+
; 도:
  
−
긴tense, tight [緊jǐn];긴장 [緊張] nervous, tense; long
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 도 || 도토리 acorn; 도마 cutting board; 도마뱀 lizard;
 +
|-
 +
|독 || poison (毒 dú); reading; Germany; 독~ strong, pungent, potent; spiteful; firm, dogged
 +
|-
 +
|돈 || money
 +
|-
 +
|돋 || 돋보기 reading glasses, magnifying glass; 돋다 come up, rise (sun); grow up, sprout (싹)
 +
|-
 +
|돌 || stone; collide; sudden; 돌다 turn around, rotate
 +
|-
 +
|돕 || 돕다 help, assist; relieve
 +
|-
 +
|동 || 동아리 circle; club, society, group; ice (凍 dòng); winter; 동물 animal; <br>move; east; copper; same, together; move;  동영상 video; 동작 move, movement;
 +
|-
 +
| 돛 || 돛단배 sailboat
 +
|-
 +
|돼 || 돼지 pig; 돼 > 되다
 +
|-
 +
|되 || back, again, repeated; <br> 되다 be done, finished, become; result in; come to; grow, thrive, prosper; consist of; able to do, will do; act as
 +
|-
 +
|된 || 뒨장 soybean paste
  
−
김seaweed laver
+
|}
  
−
길road
 
  
−
깊깊다 deep (e.g., water); bottomless, remote, isolated; profound; bad, serious
 
  
 +
; 두:
  
 +
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 두 || 두부 tofu, soy; 두 head; two, couple; 두루미 Japanese crane (bird)
 +
|-
 +
|둑 || bank, levee
 +
|-
 +
|둔 || blunt; dull, stupid (鈍 dùn)
 +
|-
 +
|둘 || two; 둘째 second;
 +
|-
 +
|둥 || 둥지 nest; 둥글다, 둥근 round, spherical
 +
|-
 +
|뒤 || 뒤(쪽) back, rear; succession; later 못뒤다 bad, mean
 +
|-
 +
|됫 || 됫길 backstreet, byroad
 +
|-
 +
|듀 || -
  
−
==  ㄲ  ==
+
|}
  
−
===까===
 
  
−
까치; 까마귀 crow; 까다 peel, husk, crack; 까다롭다 difficult, fussy 까맣다 black; complete (까만게)
 
  
−
깐잠깐 for a short time
+
; 드 :
  
−
깍깍두기 cubed radish kimchi
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 드 || 드럼 drum; 드리다 offer, give, present;
 +
|-
 +
|득 || 가득 full; benefit, advantage, gain, interest, good, profit (得 dé); 가득~ crammed, full
 +
|-
 +
|든 || 든든~ reassured, reliable, confident; full -든(지) either...or, whether...or; any, -ever
 +
|-
 +
|듣 || 듣다 hear
 +
|-
 +
|들 || 들깨 perilla; 들판 field, wild;
 +
|-
 +
|들 || 들다 enter; cost; become; carry, lift
 +
|-
 +
| 듬 || -
 +
|-
 +
|등 || light, lamp; the back; class, grade
  
−
깎깎이 sharpener, peeler, e.g., 연필깎이, 손톱깎이; 깎다 peel, shave, cut, sharpen; discount
+
|}
  
−
깔깔때기 funnel;깔다 spread, stretch, lay out (by layering, in layers) (e.g., carpet; sitting); pave, cover깔끔~ neat, tidy
 
  
−
깜깜짝 startled, shock; 깜박 blink
 
  
−
깝아깝다 regrettable, pitiable; precious, dear, worthy 가깝다 near(by), close 깝- frivolous(ly), e.g., 깝신거리다 act thoughtlessly, frivolously
+
; 디 :
  
−
깡깡통 tin can
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 디 D,; 디스크 disk; 디젤 diesel
 +
 +
|}
  
−
깨sesame; 깨끗~ clean깨다 wake up, awake; sober up; break, smash;
 
  
−
깽깽깽 moan, whimper (onom.)
 
  
 +
==ㄸ ==
 +
쌍디귿
  
−
===꺼===
 
  
−
꺼내다 take / pull / bring out, remove
+
; 따 :
  
−
꺾꺾다 break, snap off; fold; turn, bend [타]꺾쇠 clamp, cramp iron
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 따 || 따다 pick, pluck; open, unlock; win, get, gain; 따갑다 prickly, hot, stinging; 따르다 follow; pour (in); 따로 separately, independently; 따뜻~ warm
 +
|-
 +
|딱 || 딱따구리 woodpecker; 딱지 scab; 딱정벌레 beetle; 딱딱~ hard (texture), firm, stiff; 딱 w. bang, snap; positively, flatly; 딱지 scab; stamp, sticker
 +
|-
 +
|딴 || different
 +
|-
 +
|딸 || daughter; 딸꾹/딸꾹질하다 hiccup 
 +
|-
 +
|땀 || sweat
 +
|-
 +
| 땅 || ground, land, eath
 +
|-
 +
|때 || dead skin, dirt; time, moment; 때리다 beat, hit; 때로 sometimes, occasionally;  
 +
|-
 +
|땡 || clang, ring, bell sound
 +
|-
 +
|떄 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
−
껌gum
 
  
−
껍껍데기 shell (e.g., mollusk, nut), skin, rind, crust, husk껍질 peel, rind, bark, skin, hull, shell
 
  
−
껏with all possible _; as far/much as possible, to the utmost, as hard as one can (e.g., 힘껏)
+
; 떠 :
  
−
껑뚜껑 lid
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 떠 || 떠나다 start out, leave, depart
 +
|-
 +
|떡 || 떡; 어떡하다
 +
|-
 +
|떤 || 어떤 which, what, how
 +
|-
 +
|떨 || 떨림 shaking (body, etc.), vibration; 떨다 shake, quiver, tremble; remove, shake off (떨내다); cf. 떨어지다 떨아지다 fall, drop; fail; run out;
 +
|-
 +
|떫 || 떫다 astringent, puckery, bitter, sour
 +
|-
 +
|떳 || 떳떳~ honorable, blameless
 +
|-
 +
|떻 || 어떻다, 어떻게 how, like what
 +
|-
 +
|떼 || 떼다 take off, detach, pull off, remove; 떼 group, swarm, crowd, throng, pack, flock, herd
 +
|-
 +
|뗘 || -
 +
|-
 +
|뗴 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
−
께DAT-HON.; -께 about, around
 
  
  
−
===꼬===
+
; 또 :
  
−
꼬막 cockle (shellfish); 꼬치 skewered meat 꼬다 twist, bend; 꼬리 tail꼬끼오 rooster sound
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 또 || also, again, and, too, both...and
 +
|-
 +
|똑 || 똑똑~ clever, bright, intelligent; 똑똑 (adv./onom.) knock; drip; 똑 just, exactly, right
 +
|-
 +
|똥 || dung
 +
|-
 +
|똬 || -
 +
|-
 +
|뙈 || -
 +
|-
 +
|뙤 || -
 +
|-
 +
|뚀 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
−
꼭꼭지 tap, faucet;
 
  
−
exactly, precisely, just; firmly, tightly, fast; surely, by all means;
 
  
−
꼴fodder; shape, form; personal appearance, countenance
+
; 뚜:
  
−
꼼꼼꼼~ meticulous, precise, exact; 꼼치 grassfish, snailfish
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 뚜 || 뚜껑 lid; 메뚜기 locust, 귀뚜라미 cricket
 +
|-
 +
|뚝 || with a (heavy) snap, thud; suddenly, unexpectedly뚝뚝 onom.: raindrops 뚝배기 earthenware bowl
 +
|-
 +
|뚫 || 뚫다 to bore, drill (hole), penetrate
 +
|-
 +
|뚱 || 뚱뚱이 fatso, 뚱뚱~;
 +
|-
 +
|뚱 || 엉뚱~ strange, odd, eccentric
 +
|-
 +
|뚸 || -
 +
|-
 +
|뛔 || -
 +
|-
 +
|뛰 || 뛰다 run, dash; jump, leap, skip, swing, beat뛰어나다 outstanding, good
 +
|-
 +
|뜀 || running
 +
|-
 +
|뜌 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
−
꼿
 
  
−
꼽꼽다 to count (on fingers), mention
 
  
−
꽁end, tail; 꽁초 end, butt (e.g. cigarette);꽁치 mackerel pike
+
;뜨:
  
−
꽂꽂이 stand, rack, shelf꽂다 stick in/thru s.t., insert
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 뜨 || | 뜨다 float; float (by) (in air/water); rise, come (up); knit; leave, move on; scoop up, ladle out 뜨다 open (one’s eyes)뜨겁다 hot, burning
 +
|-
 +
|뜬 || floating, drifting
 +
|-
 +
|뜯 || 뜯다 tear off, pluck; bite, graze;
 +
|-
 +
|뜸 || moxibustion (Oriental medicine)
 +
|-
 +
|뜻 || meaning, intention, mind; 뜻~ mean, indicate, refer to;
 +
|-
 +
|띄 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
−
꽃flower
 
  
−
꽈
 
  
−
꽝우스꽝스럽다 ridiculous, funny
+
; 띠:
  
−
꽉tightly, fast, firmly; fully, close, compact (fill)  
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 띠 || belt, band, sash; zodiac sign 띠다 wear (belt)  
  
−
꽤quite, pretty
+
|}
  
−
꾀꾀다 to tempt, allure, entice, seduce
 
  
  
−
===꾸===
+
== ㄹ ==
 +
리을
  
−
꾸다 dream꾸미다 decorate; invent, fabricate
 
  
−
꾼one occupied / engaged with, e.g., 사양꾼 hunter
+
; 라:
  
−
꿀honey
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 라 || 라면 ramen; 리마 lama; 라디오 radio
 +
|-
 +
|락 || 락스bleach; fall, omit, scatter (낙, 落 luò); NP-락 말락 on the brink/verge of; NP-락 and, or (?) (correlative?)
 +
|-
 +
|란 || egg; order, chaos (난, 亂 luàn)-(이)란 as for X; is called, (das) heißt; NP~ that is, that (which is) is named/called; generic topic NP; XP~? was heißt? (PP > -(이)라고 하는)
 +
|-
 +
|람 || 람바다 lambada
 +
|-
 +
|랍 || 랍비 rabbi; 랍소디 rhapsody;
 +
|-
 +
|랑 || 신랑 bridegroom; (이)랑as for, and, with, etc. + topic 자랑 boast, brag, show off
 +
|-
 +
|랗 || 커다랗다 big, large, huge; 동그랗다 round; (-을) 동그랗게 around
 +
|-
 +
|래 || come, coming오래다 long time
 +
|-
 +
|랭 || 랭크되다, 랭킹 rank; 랭 cool; 무말랭이 dried sliced radish
 +
|-
 +
|랴 || -
 +
|-
 +
|략 || 전략 strategy; abbreviate(d), summary, plan, simplify
 +
|-
 +
|량 || car, carriage, e.g., 차량 (輛 liàng); volume, quantity, amount, capacity, supply, to measure (量 liáng)涼 (liáng/liàng) cool; disappointed, discouraged; e.g., 황량~ bleak, desolate
  
−
꿇꿇다 kneel (down)
+
|}
  
−
꿈dream
 
  
−
꿩pheasant
 
  
−
뀌
+
; 러:
  
−
꿰꿰다 to thread, to pass/run thru
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 러 || 러너 runner; 러닝 running race; 러닝머신 treadmill; 러시아 Russia -러 (purpose clause + motion verbs)
 +
|-
 +
|럭 || 럭비 rugby
 +
|-
 +
|런 || 런던 London; 런치 luncheon; 이런/그런 such, like, that kind of; 뉴런 neuron
 +
|-
 +
|럴 || 그럴듯~ plausible, specious; decent;
 +
|-
 +
|럼 || rum
 +
|-
 +
|럽 || 시럽 syrup; hunt, field, sports ( 獵 liè) -스럽다 seems, be like, suggest; -ish 더럽다 dirty
 +
|-
 +
|렁 || 지렁이 earthworm; 우렁이 freshwater snail; 설렁탕 oxtail soup;
 +
|-
 +
|렇 || 그렇다 (르래) so, such; true이렇다, 이렇게 like this, so저렇다 like that 누렇다 (golden/dirty) yellow; pale (sickly) yellow
 +
|-
 +
|레 || 레몬 lemon; 수레 wagon, cart, shopping cart, handcart, wheelbarrow
 +
|-
 +
|렌 || 렌즈 lens; 렌즈콩 lentil; 렌치 wrench;
 +
|-
 +
|려 || 려 [呂] a Korean shampoo brand; 고려 Goryeo dynasty; -려 be about to, ready to +V; -려나 I wonder +S-려고 in order to (+action verbs)
 +
|-
 +
|력 || 달력 calendar (曆 lì ); strength, power (力); experience (歷 lì)
 +
|-
 +
|련 || practice, train (연) 세련되다 refined, sophisticated
 +
|-
 +
|렬 || 강렬~ strong, intense, mighty; 렬 (烈 liè) strong, fierce
 +
|-
 +
|렴 || honest, moderate (염)
 +
|-
 +
|렵 || 어렵다 difficult, hard 두렵다 fearful, afraid, terrified; hunt, field, sports ( 獵 liè)
 +
|-
 +
|렷 || 뚜렷하다 clear, distinct, plain, evident, definite, obvious, apparent차렷 attention(!)
 +
|-
 +
|령 || 대통령 president; 고령 old age; neck, collar (領 lǐng); lead, command (영); Spirit
 +
|-
 +
|례 || rite, ceremony (禮lĭ) instance, case, example, usual (例lì)
  
 +
|}
  
  
  
 +
; 로:
  
−
===끄 ===
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 로 || 로켓 rocket; 路 road; 로마 Rome; 로비 lobby; 로커locker;
 +
|-
 +
|록 || green; minutes, record, register, diary (녹) (錄 lù)
 +
|-
 +
|론 || discuss
 +
|-
 +
| 롤 || roll; 롤빵 bread roll; 롤러 roller, squeegee
 +
|-
 +
| 롭- || 롭다 characterized by 해롭다 harmful, bad 외롭다 lonely
 +
|-
 +
|롱 || play with (농); room salon (sic)
 +
|-
 +
|롸 || -
 +
|-
 +
|뢰 || depend on (e.g., 신뢰 faith) (賴lài)
 +
|-
 +
|뢔 || -
 +
|-
 +
|뢰 || thunder
 +
|-
 +
|료 || material (자료, 재료), estimate (料 liào); finish, achieve, understand (了) (수료)
 +
|-
 +
|룡 || 공룡 dinosaur
  
−
끄다 put out, extinguish, turn off부끄럽다 shy; ashamed, shameful, embarrassed 시끄럽다 noisy, loud
+
|}
  
−
끈string, cord (e.g., shoelace)
 
  
−
끊끊다 turn off, cut off, sever; abstain from, stop, hang up
 
  
−
끌chisel; 끌다 drag, pull, haul; prolong; draw
+
; 루:-
  
−
끓끓다 boil [차], 끓이다 [타]
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 루 || base (baseball); 루비 ruby; 지루하다 boring; bored; dull, tedious, tiresome 루주 rouge, lipstick; 루블 ruble
 +
|-
 +
|룩 || 거룩 holy, divine, sacred;
 +
|-
 +
|룰 || rule
 +
|-
 +
|뤄 || -
 +
|-
 +
|뤠 || -
 +
|-
 +
|뤼 || -
 +
|-
 +
|류 || stream, flow (流liú); kind, sort, style, type, manner, system; papers, documents
 +
|-
 +
|륙 || continent, land mass (陸)
 +
|-
 +
|륭 || 훌륭~ excellent, great, magnificent; great, grand, lofty; honorable, admirable (隆 lóng); 흥륭~ prosperity, prosper, flourish
 +
 +
|}
  
−
끔끔벅~ flicker, waver, twinkle; wink, blink;끔짝~ terrible, awful 라끔 sometimes, occasionally
 
  
−
꼽꼽등이 camel/cave cricket
 
  
−
끗끗수 points, score; 깨끗~ clean
+
; 르 :
  
−
끝end, finish; 끝나다
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 그 || 그르다, 그름 wrong, incorrect; hopeless; 다르다 different 흐르다 flow, run; 부르다 full푸르다 blue, azure, green 르네상스 Renaissance; 장르 genre
 +
|-
 +
|른 || 오른(쪽) right side
 +
|-
 +
|름 || 기름 oil
 +
|-
 +
|릎 || 무릎 knee
 +
|-
 +
|릐 || -
  
 +
|}
  
−
===끼===
 
  
−
끼니 (small) meal; 끼다 insert, wrap, pull over/on, wear, put on; hold in arms;
 
  
 +
; 리 :
  
 +
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 리 || 리모진 limo bus; 리마 콩 lima beans; 리본 ribbon
 +
|-
 +
|린 || 린스 rinse (hair)
 +
|-
 +
|림 || 삼림 forest; 아이스크림 ice cream
 +
|-
 +
|립 || 림 stand, establish (立); 그립다 long for, miss
 +
 +
|}
  
−
== ㄴ  ==
+
==ㅁ ==
 +
미음
  
−
===나===
 
  
−
나비 butterfly; 나방 moth; 나무 tree;  
+
; 마:
  
−
낙낙타 camel; [樂] fall(ing)  
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 마 || 마늘 garlic; 마을 village, hamlet; 마루 (wooden) floor; 마치다 end, finis
 +
|-
 +
|막 || 막대사탕 lollipop, sucker; 막 end, last; desert; curtain; 막다 clog, block; stop, prevent; enclose,
 +
|-
 +
|맏 || firstborn
 +
|-
 +
|만 || (₩)10,000; full; only; bay, gulf
 +
|-
 +
|많 || 많이
 +
|-
 +
|맏 || first born, eldest
 +
|-
 +
|말 || horse; end; language, speech, word, talk; 말다 stop, skip, break off; roll (up)
 +
|-
 +
|맑 || 맑다 clear, clean, pure; sunny
 +
|-
 +
|맛 || taste, flavor
 +
|-
 +
|망 || net; 망치 hammer
 +
|-
 +
|맞 || 맞다 be correct, agree, fit; be hit, struck, beaten; get acupuncture (침); greet, welcome, receive; face a certain time; ...맞아 over, during
 +
|-
 +
|맡 || 맡다 smell, sniff at, sense; keep, take charge of, take on; be in charge; 맡기다 entrust, leave
 +
|-
 +
|매 || 매실 green plum; 매 sour plum; hawk; whip, rod, cane; sell, buy; 매미; 매다 tie, fasten, wear
 +
|-
 +
|맥 || 맥 pulse; (blood) vessel, as in 동맥 artery; 맥 vein (of ore); 산맥 mountain range;
 +
|-
 +
|맨 || bare, unprotected, nothing but; the very, the most, at the very front; 맨션 mansion;
 +
|-
 +
|맵 || 맵다 spicy
 +
|-
 +
|맹 || blind; plain, bland
 +
|-
 +
|맺 || 맺다 tie (up), knot; bear (fruit); conclude, finish, close
  
−
난naan; 난초 orchid
+
|}
  
−
날 blade; 날다 to fly
 
  
−
낡낡다 old (objects, cf. 늙-); shabby, old-fashioned, obsolete [ㄹ==Ø]
 
  
−
남 male; south; 남다 remain
+
; 머:
  
−
납납 lead [Pb]; 사납다 wild, violent, fierce, aggressive; stormy
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 머 || 머리 head, hair; 머스캣 포도 muscat (green grapes)
 +
|-
 +
|먹 || 먹다 eat, make, suffer; ink (中國, 인도)
 +
|-
 +
|먼 || 먼지 dust; 먼저 first (of all); previously
 +
|-
 +
|멀 || 멀다 be far; 멀리 far away, distant
 +
|-
 +
|멈 || 멈추다 stop, halt
 +
|-
 +
|멋 || a show, relish, taste; 멋싰다, 멋지다
 +
|-
 +
|멍 || 멍 bruise, contusion멍하다 blank, stupified멍멍 onom.
 +
 +
|}
  
−
낫낫다 be better (than), superior; get better, get well, recover
 
  
−
낭 sack, purse, pouch [囊 náng]
 
  
−
낮day, daytime; 낮다 low, flat<nowiki>; humble</nowiki>
+
; 메:
  
−
낯face, countenance낯익다 familiar; 낯살다 unfamiliar
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 메 || 메뚜기 locust; 메뉴 menu; 메기 catfish; 메달 medal
 +
|-
 +
|멧 || 멧돼지 wild boar
 +
|-
 +
|며 || 며칠 what day?
 +
|-
 +
|멱 || -
 +
|-
 +
|면 || surface, face, side, aspect; noodle; cotton
 +
|-
 +
|멸 || destroy, exterminate
 +
|-
 +
|명 || name, famous; bright, clear; command
 +
|-
 +
|몇 || some, several; how many / much / far
 +
 +
|}
  
−
낱 낱개 a piece, unit, item, each, individual
 
  
−
낳낳다 give birth, bear; produce, yield
 
  
−
내inside, internal; 내다 give, put; hand in; pay; do s.t. thru, get s.t. done
+
; 모:
  
−
냄냄비 pot, pan; 냄새 smell
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 모 || 모기 mosquito; rice spout, seedling; mother; angle (kr); 모으다 gather, collect (타), 모이다 (자)
 +
|-
 +
|목 || neck, throat; eye, item (目); wood, tree
 +
|-
 +
|몪 || 몪다 tie, bind
 +
|-
 +
|몬 || 몬순 monsoon
 +
|-
 +
|몰 || 몰다 steer, drive, chase, pursue, run after; to corner; charge, accuse w. crime; 몰 lack, sink (沒); 몰라요 > 모르다 not know
 +
|-
 +
|몸 || body
 +
|-
 +
|못 || nail, peg; callous, corn; pond, pool; 못~ cannot, not, incapable; poor; inferior 뭇지않다 not as X as, not inferior
 +
|-
 +
|몽 || dream
 +
|-
 +
|뫼 || grave, tomb
 +
|-
 +
|묘 || grave; mystery, wonder묘~ odd, strange
 +
 +
|}
  
−
냉cold
 
  
−
냥사냥~ hunt; 사냥꾼 hunter
 
  
 +
; 무:
  
−
===너 ===
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 무 || radish; 무당벌레 ladybug 
 +
|-
 +
|묵 || bean / grain jelly (e.g., 도토리묵); silent; 목다 old, antiquated; stop, lodge at
 +
|-
 +
|묶 || 묶음 bundle, bunch; 묶다 tie up, bind, fasten
 +
|-
 +
|문 ||  문어 octopus; 문 door; 문손잡이 doorknob; 문 letter, writing; question
 +
|-
 +
|묻 || 묻다 ask, question, inquire; smear, stain; bury, conceal, hide
 +
|-
 +
|물 || water; 물다 bite, sting; hold s.t. in one’s mouth; pay, repay
 +
|-
 +
|묽 || 묽다 watery; weak; thin
 +
|-
 +
|뭇 || bunch, bundle; various
 +
|-
 +
|뭉 || 뭉치다 (form a) mass, lump, mass; unite, stand, get together
 +
|-
 +
|뭐 || what
 +
|-
 +
| 뮤 ||  뮤지컬 musical
  
−
너구리 raccoon;너트 nut (mech.)
+
 +
|}
  
−
넉넉넉~, 넉넉하게enough, sufficient
 
  
−
넋
 
  
−
넌넌더리 (나다) disgusted, fed up, sick of
+
; 므:
  
−
널널다 stretch, spread out, hang (out) (e.g., clothes);  
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 므 || 므네모시네 Mnemosyne; 므엉족 Muong tribe
 +
|-
 +
|믜 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
−
널(짠지) board, plank, shingle
 
  
−
넓 넓다 be wide, broad, roomy, spacious
 
  
−
넘넘다 pass (over/thru) [spat./temp.], cross, go over/across; exceed, pass, go/be over넘치다 overflow, brim over넘기다 pass; pass / turn (over), hit over; turn (page) 넘어지다 fall (down), trip
+
; 미:
  
−
넣 넣다 put s.t. in, fill
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 미 || 미식축구 American football (a ball, or the sport); 미나리 water dropwort / parsely; 미각 (sense of) taste; 미 rice
 +
|-
 +
|믹 || 믹서 mixer
 +
|-
 +
|민 || people, tribe
 +
|-
 +
|믿 || 맏다 believe, trust; rely on
 +
|-
 +
|밀 || secret; 밀다 push
 +
|-
 +
|밉 || 밉다 detestable, hateful, odious
 +
|-
 +
|밋 || -
 +
|-
 +
|및 || and (also), both...and
 +
|-
 +
|밑 || bottom, below, lower, base, underneath; lower, subordinate
 +
 +
|}
  
−
네네온 neon; 네 yes; four; 네거 film negative
+
== ㅂ ==
 +
비읍
  
−
녀female
 
  
−
녘
+
; 바:
  
−
년 year, age
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 바 || 바나나 banana; 바퀴벌레 cockroach; <br> 바퀴 wheel; 바구니 basket; 바탕 background; 바라다 wish, desire; 바르다 apply, put on
 +
|-
 +
|박 || gourd; 박쥐 bat; 박다 hammer, drive (into), ram
 +
|-
 +
|밖 || outside
 +
|-
 +
|반 || half; opposite; 반지 ring 
 +
|-
 +
|받 || 쓰레받기 dustpan; 받다 receive;
 +
|-
 +
|발 || foot, step; depart, rise> 바르다 upright; right, correct; cover, plaster, spread, apply, put on (topically)
 +
|-
 +
|밝 || 밝다 bright, light, brilliant, to dawn; 밝히다 reveal, disclose; light
 +
|-
 +
|밟 || 밟다 step on
 +
|-
 +
|밤 || chestnut; night
 +
|-
 +
|밥 || rice
 +
|-
 +
|밧 || 밧줄 rope
 +
|-
 +
|방 || 방망이 bat, club, e.g., 약구방망이; 방 room; defend
 +
|-
 +
|밭 || (dry) field, farm
 +
|-
 +
|배 || pear; ship; belly
 +
|-
 +
|백 || white; 100; (양)배추 white cabbage
 +
|-
 +
|뱀 || snake
 +
|-
 +
|뱃 || 뱃> 배
 +
|-
 +
|뱅 || 뱅이
 +
|-
 +
|뱉 || 뱉다 spit (at/out)
  
−
념think, thought, memorial
+
|}
  
−
녜
 
  
  
−
===노===
+
; 버:
  
−
old, elderly; 노란색, 로랗다 yellow; 노래 song
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 버 || 버섯 mushroom; 버팔로 buffalo; 버릇 habit; manners; 버리다 throw away;
 +
|-
 +
|벅 || 벅차다 hard to manage, too much, beyond one’s power; full n
 +
|-
 +
|번 || 번개 lightning, thunderbolt; 번빵 bun; 번 number, repeat; change, shift, alternate; MW iterations (番 fān)
 +
|-
 +
|벋 || -
 +
|-
 +
|벌 || 벌bee, wasp; 벌레 bug, worm; 벌다 make, earn (money); 벌리다 open, spread (by pulling apart or separating)
 +
|-
 +
| 범 || 범인, 범죄자 criminal 표범 leopard; (범= tiger, tigress); 범선 sailboat; (帆船)
 +
|-
 +
|범 || 범하다 commit (error, mistake); <br>ordinary, common, mundane, temporal (평범~) (凡 fán); pan- (all), general; offense; pattern, master;
 +
|-
 +
|법 || law, rule, method
 +
|-
 +
|벗 || 벗다take off, remove, undress
 +
|-
 +
|벙 || 벙커 bunker; 벙어리 mute, speech-impaired; 벙벙~ stunned, dumbfounded
 +
|-
 +
|벚 || 벚꽃 cherry blossom; 벚나무 cherry tree
 +
|-
 +
|베 || 베다 rest, lay one’s head on; 베다 cut, slice, (e.g., finger), mow; (erg./passive/adversative)베개 pillow
 +
|-
 +
|밴 || van
 +
|-
 +
|뱅 || 뱅어 whitebait fish
 +
 +
|}
  
−
녹 녹색 green; 녹다 melt, dissolve, thaw; warm up
 
  
−
논 discuss
 
  
−
놀 놀다 play, relax, hang out w.
+
; 벼:
  
−
놈 fellow (neg.)  
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 벼 || rice plant; paddy
 +
|-
 +
|벽 || wall, partition; habit > 버릇
 +
|-
 +
|변 || 변하다 change, alter; 변 dung, feces; accident
 +
|-
 +
|별 || star; another, other, particular (别)
 +
|-
 +
|볍 || 볍씨 rice seed; 가볍다, 가볍게 light, simple, gentle, easy; frivolous(ly), careless; minor, mild
 +
|-
 +
|병 || bottle, jar; disease, sic
 +
 +
|}
  
−
놋놋쇠 brass
 
  
−
농 agricultural, farm
 
  
−
높높다 be high
+
; 보:
  
−
놓놓다 lay, put, place; release, let go; keep
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 보 || 보석 gem, jewel, precious stone (寶 bǎo); 보리 barley
 +
|-
 +
|복 || 복숭아 peach; duplicate, copy (复 fù); clothes; blessing, fortune, happiness
 +
|-
 +
|볶 || 볶다, 볶음 stir -fry
 +
|-
 +
|본 || root, origin, base, model, pattern, main (本); V-본적 있다 experiential perfective
 +
|-
 +
|볼 || cheek
 +
|-
 +
|봄 || spring(time)
 +
|-
 +
|봉 || 봉투 envelope, paper packet, bag; 봉 peak 
 +
|-
 +
|봐 || 봐 > 보다
 +
|-
 +
|뵙 || 뵙다 see, meet (hon.)
 +
 +
|}
  
−
놔
 
  
−
놰
 
  
−
뇌brain
+
; 부:
  
−
뇨
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 부 || 부추 chives; 부엉이 horned owl (or short-eared / long-eared owl); 부채 folding fan; part (일부 some; 부분 piece) <br> skin (肤 fū); wealth, blessing, fortune, riches; father; part, section, department, division; unit; wife; vice-, attached to, supplement, addition; not 부르다 call, sing
 +
|-
 +
|북 || drum (Korean traditional); north;
 +
|-
 +
|분 || powder; 분필 chalk
 +
|-
 +
|불 || fire, light불다 blow; swell up (w. water), soaked
 +
|-
 +
|붉 || 붉다 red, crimson, scarlet (ㄹ=Ø)
 +
|-
 +
|붓 || (그림) 붓 paintbrush; 붓다 pour (in/into) (ㅅ→Ø); swell (up), become swollen
 +
|-
 +
|붕 || 붕대 bandage; 붕어 carp; 부엉이 owl
 +
|-
 +
|붙 || 붙다 (자), stick to, adhere; 붙이다 (타) stick, adhere; pass (exam); stay close to; stay; join w.;
 +
|-
 +
|뷔 || 뷔페 buffet
 +
 +
|}
  
  
  
 +
; 브:
  
 +
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 브 || 브로콜리 broccoli; 브레이크 brake
 +
|-
 +
|블 || 블라우스 blouse; 블로그 blog 
 +
 +
|}
  
  
  
−
===누 ===
+
; 비:
  
−
누룽지 crisped rice; 누나 older sister; 누르다 push, press; suppress 누구? who?
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 비 || rain; compare, ratio, proportion; fat; broom, brush; 비다 empty, vacant, unoccupied 비치다 shine, be reflected; 비추다 shine, reflect
 +
|-
 +
|빈 || empty; guest
 +
|-
 +
|빌 || 빌리다 borrow, take a loan; 빌다 borrow; employ, use; pray, wish
 +
|-
 +
|빗 || 빗 comb; (빗자루 broom )
 +
|-
 +
|빙 || ice
 +
|-
 +
|빚 || debt, loan
 +
|-
 +
|빛 || light, color; ~나다shine, sparkle
 +
 +
|}
  
−
눅눅다 fall, come, drop down; warm up; soft, limp; damp
 
  
−
눈eye; snow
 
  
−
눌눌리다 (>눌다) be pressed down, oppressed, squished; burned, scorched
+
== ㅃ ==
 +
쌍비읍
  
−
눕눕다 lie down, recline
 
  
−
눠
+
; 빠:
  
−
눼
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 빠 || 빠지다 deflate, drain, fall out; lose weight; sink; be absorbed, drowned; fall out, be dropped, be absent
 +
|-
 +
|빤 || (빤하다 = 뻔하다)
 +
|-
 +
|빨 || 빨다 suck (at/on); wash; 빨래; 빨리
 +
|-
 +
|빵 || bread
 +
|-
 +
|빼 || 빼다 pull out, subtract, remove, take out
 +
|-
 +
|뺘 || -
 +
|-
 +
|뺨 || cheek
 +
|-
 +
|뺴 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
−
뉘unhulled rice; paddy; 뉘앙스 nuance
 
  
−
뉴뉴스; New York
 
  
 +
; 뻐:
  
−
===느 ===
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 뻐 || 뻐꾸기 cuckoo; 기뻐~ rejoice, happy
 +
|-
 +
|뻔 || 뻔하다 clear, plain, obvious
 +
|-
 +
|뻗 || 뻗다 spread, extend, stretch, reach out, (oneself, body; stative) (타/차)
 +
|-
 +
|볍 || 가볍다 light; ; simple; careless
 +
|-
 +
|뻥 || bang, pop
 +
|-
 +
|뻬 || -
 +
|-
 +
|뼈 || bone
 +
|-
 +
|뼤 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
−
느릅나무 elm tree느끼하다 greasy, oily 느리다 slow, sluggish 느끼다 feel, find, sense, experience; 느낌 impression, feeling; -느라고 due to, because of (V-stem+~)
 
  
−
늑늑대 wolf; 늑골 rib
 
  
−
는[topic / contrast marker]
+
; 뽀:
  
−
늘 바늘 sewing needle, pin; 늘다 increase, improve; grow, gain, multiply; make progress; 를리다 lengthen, extend, stretch (e.g., a band); 늘 always, all the time
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 뽀 || 뽀뽀 kiss, peck (onom.)
 +
|-
 +
|뽑 || 뽑다 pull, draw, take out, extract (e.g., tooth, nail, tree); select, choose;
 +
|-
 +
|뽕 || mulberry; 뽕짝 = 트고트 trot music
 +
|-
 +
|뽜 || -
 +
|-
 +
|뽸 || -
 +
|-
 +
|뾔 || -
 +
|-
 +
|뾰 || 뾰족~ sharp, pointed; 뾰루지 skin rash, pimple
 +
 +
|}
  
−
늙늙다 be/grow old, age (persons, cf. 낡-) [ㄹ: Ø]
 
  
−
늦늦다 be late; slow, tardy, delayed
 
  
−
능 able, ability; angle, edge
+
; 뿌:
  
−
늬
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 뿌 || 뿌리 root 뿌리다 spread, sprinkle; put on, apply
 +
|-
 +
|뿍 || 듬뿍 generously, liberally
 +
|-
 +
|뿔 || antler, horn; projection, tip; 코뿔소 rhino
 +
|-
 +
|뿨 || -
 +
|-
 +
|쀄 || -
 +
|-
 +
|쀠 || -
 +
|-
 +
|쀼 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
  
−
===니 ===
 
  
−
니켈 nickel; 니코틴 nicotine
+
; 쁘:
  
−
님 VOC-HON.
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 쁘 || 쁘띠 petit(e); 기쁘다 glad, happy; 바쁘다 busy
 +
|-
 +
|쁴 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
  
  
−
==  ㄷ ==
+
; 삐:
  
−
===다===
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 삐 || 삐다 twist, sprain (injury)
 +
 +
|}
  
−
다리 bridge; 다many, much; 다치다 be hurt, wounded 다하다 run out; carry out, fulfill
+
  
−
닥닥치다 shut up!
+
== ㅅ ==
 +
시옷
  
−
닦닦다 clean, wipe, polish, wash
 
  
−
단단팥; 단호박 pumpkin; 단무지 yellow radish; 단 step, section; single, unit;  
+
; 사:
  
−
닫닫다 shut, close (door, shop); 닫히다 be closed
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 사 || 사자 lion; 사발 bowl; 사탕 candy; 사 sand; scholar; teacher; four 
 +
|-
 +
|삭 || cut, subtract; 삭도(차) cable car
 +
|-
 +
|산 || mountain; calculate; umbrella
 +
|-
 +
|살 || flesh, skin, meat; kill; 살구 apricot; 살다 be alive; live; reside; 살 age, years; (불) 사르다 burn, set on fire, make a fire
 +
|-
 +
|삶 || 삶 life; 삶다 boil, simmer, cook
 +
|-
 +
|삼 || three; hemp, flax (plant, cloth)
 +
|-
 +
|삽 || shovel, spade, scoop
 +
|-
 +
|상 || 상어 shark; table, bench; image; 上 top, above, ascend, supreme, upper; 상상~ imagine
 +
|-
 +
|새 || bird; new
 +
|-
 +
|색 || color
 +
|-
 +
|생 || be born, life, living, raw; student생각~ think
 +
|-
 +
|샤 || 샤워하다
 +
|-
 +
|섀 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
−
달moon; 달팽이 snail; 달다 sweet, sugary; hoist, hang (up), install, wear, put on; weigh
 
  
−
닳닳다 wear out/off/down, be rubbed off/down
 
  
−
닭chicken
+
; 서:
  
−
닮닮다 resemble, look like
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 서 || 서랍 drawer; 서 book, writing, document; west; public office; 서다 stand; halt, stop
 +
|-
 +
|석 || stone; seat
 +
|-
 +
|섞 || 섞다 mix, mingle, blend, shuffle
 +
|-
 +
|선 || 선풍기 (electric) fan; 선지 blood soup; 선인장 cactus; 선 ship, boat;  선물 gift, present
 +
|-
 +
|설 || 설탕 sugar; 說 theory, explain, talk; establish (설명~); 설거지 dishes (to wash), dish-washing
 +
|-
 +
|섬 || island, isle
 +
|-
 +
|섭 || 섭섭~ sorry, disappointed, regrettable; 섭씨 Celsius 무섭다 scary, frightening ; scared, afraid; 섭 take in, absorb, assimilate; act for; care for one’s health (攝 shè); to wade, be involved, concern, experience (涉shè)
 +
|-
 +
|섯 || halt! (mil.); 버섯 mushroom
 +
|-
 +
|성 || fortress; voice; star, planet; saint, holy; surname; anger, wrath; success성공~ succeed
 +
|-
 +
|세 || wash; tax; (힘) 세다 strong, powerful, vigorous, muscular; violent, sever, intense (e.g., forces)
 +
|-
 +
|세 || 세다 count, calculate
 +
|-
 +
|섹 || 섹시~ hot, sexy
 +
|-
 +
|셈 || calculation, sum
 +
|-
 +
|셀 || 셀러리 celery
 +
|-
 +
|셔 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
−
담담 wall, fence, Mauer; phlegm, sputum; congestion; gallbladder; courage, pluck, nerves; converse, conversation
 
  
−
담다 put, fill, hold; 담기다 be in, be put in (stative), has, contain
 
  
−
답답답하다 stuffy; 답다 be like, worthy of; 답reply;  
+
; 소:
  
−
닷<nowiki>==다섯</nowiki>
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 소 || cow
 +
|-
 +
|속 || stomach, (the) inside, one’s insides, one’s heart; speed, speedy; 속~ belong to
 +
|-
 +
|손 || hand
 +
|-
 +
|솔 || pine tree; brush; to lead
 +
|-
 +
|솜 || cotton
 +
|-
 +
|솟 || 솟다 gush, spring, spurt out; break froth; rise, tower, soar; 솟대 acrobat’s pole; ritual / festive dragon head pole
 +
|-
 +
|송 || pine; 송이 pine mushroom
 +
|-
 +
|솥 || clay / cast iron pot, caldron
 +
|-
 +
|솨
 +
|-
 +
|쇄 || 쇄골 collarbone, clavicle (鎖骨 suǒ lock (up))
 +
|-
 +
|쇠 || iron
 +
|-
 +
|쇼 || 쇼핑 shopping; 쇼크, 쇼캉하다 shock
 +
 +
|}
  
−
당당나귀 donkey;sugar; hall; faction, party; 당근 carrot 당기다 pull s.t.
 
  
−
닻anchor
 
  
−
닿닿다 touch, reach; come into contact w.; get to; arrive at, reach
+
; 수:
  
−
대bamboo; belt; pole, stalk, stem, rod, cane;
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 수 || water; hand; receive; guard
 +
|-
 +
|숙 || 숙주나물 mung bean sprouts; lodge; 기숙사 dorm
 +
|-
 +
|순 || 순두부찌개 tofu stew
 +
|-
 +
|숟 || 숟가락 spoon
 +
|-
 +
|술 || liquor, alcohol; tassel, tuft, fringe (e.g., 입술)skill, art, method, technique
 +
|-
 +
|숨 || 솜다, 숨기다 hide; 숨 breath, 숨쉬다 breathe
 +
|-
 +
|숫 || pure, innocent
 +
|-
 +
|숭 || 숭늉 = 누롱지 soup
 +
|-
 +
|숲 || forest
 +
|-
 +
| 숱 || thickness (hair); 숱하다 numerous, a lot
 +
|-
 +
|숴 || shoo!
 +
|-
 +
|쉐
 +
|-
 +
|쉬 || 쉬다 relax, rest; take a day off; breathe; be hoarse; go bad, spoil 쉬 = 小便
 +
|-
 +
| 쉰 || 쉰 fifty
 +
|-
 +
|쉽 || 쉽다 easy, simple
 +
|-
 +
|슈 || 슈퍼마트
 +
 +
|}
  
−
great; opposite; facing; to treat대다 put, touch; [V+~] do s.t. extremely대하디 treat; concerning, about
 
  
−
댁residence, home [宅 zhái]
 
  
−
댐dam
+
; 스:
  
−
댕오댕
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 스 || 스웨터 sweater
 +
|-
 +
|습 || study, practice; 습~ damp(ness), moist, wet, soggy 우습다 funny, humorous
 +
|-
 +
|슬 || 슬라이드 slide, transparency <br> 슬프다 sad, sorrowful; 슬퍼하다 be sad슬다 disappear, vanish; wither, wilt; rust
 +
|-
 +
|슴 || 슴베 handle, end (knife, farm tool), tool tang
 +
|-
 +
|슷 || 비슷다 similar, like, alike
 +
|-
 +
|승 || boarding; victory, win
 +
|-
 +
|싀 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
  
−
===더===
 
  
−
더덕 (root); 더럽다 dirty; 더미, 산더미 pile, stack, heap of s.t.; 더하다 add (+); 더 more; 더운 hot, warm;  
+
; 시:
  
−
덕goodness, kindness, mercy, virtue 德
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 시 || 시금치 spinach time; 시계 clock; 시각 (sense of) sight 시다 sour;
 +
|-
 +
|식 || food, eat; style, ceremony; plant; know, recognize
 +
|-
 +
|신 || 신장 kidney; 신용타드 credit card; 신 god(神); 신다 put on, wear (footwear)
 +
|-
 +
|싣 || 싣다 load (ㄷ→ㄹ)
 +
|-
 +
|실 || room, classroom (강의실); 실 thread; fruit; 실수 failure, mistake;
 +
|-
 +
|싫 || 싫다 hateful; hate, dislike
 +
|-
 +
|심 || heart, mind; 심하다 bad, serious, deep; 심다 to plant
 +
|-
 +
|십 || ten
 +
|-
 +
| 싱 || 싱크 sink; 싱싱~ fresh; 싱겁다 bland
 +
 +
|}
  
−
덖덖다 parch, roast (beans, coffee); be stained w. dirt, soiled
 
  
−
던던지다 throw, hurl, fling, cast, toss; vote; project-던 pluperfect, past habitual (?)
 
  
−
덜less, little, incompletely, insufficiently, half-덜다 subtract, deduct; decrease, lessen, ease, mitigate; 덜미 scrape/scruff of neck
+
== ㅆ ==
 +
쌍시옷
  
−
덤extra, addition(al)
 
  
−
덥덥다 be warm, hot
+
; 싸:
  
−
덧덧붙이다 add; 덧대다 add, join, place, attach (one layer over another)  
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 싸 || 싸다 cheap; wrap (up), pack; 싸우다 fight, argue
 +
|-
 +
|싹 || shoot, spout; quite, completely
 +
|-
 +
|쌀 || ice
 +
|-
 +
|쌈 || lettuce wrap
 +
|-
 +
|쌍 || pair, twins, couple
 +
|-
 +
|쌓 || 쌓다 pile, stack, heap (up), accumulate; 쌓이다 be stacked, pile up
 +
|-
 +
|쌔 || -
 +
|-
 +
|쌰 || -
 +
|-
 +
|썌 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
−
덩덩이 lump, mass, clod
 
  
−
덫snare, trap (e.g., mousetrap)
 
  
−
덮덮개 cover, bedspread, book cover; 덮다 to cover (i.e., wide, fully, extensively)
+
; 써:
  
−
데데다 be burned, burn oneself, scalded; bitter experience
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 써 || -
 +
|-
 +
|썩 || 썩다 rot, decay, decompose, go bad; be corrupt
 +
|-
 +
|썰 || 썰다 slice, , chop, cut (solid objects, e.g., meat, vegetables, food)썰렁~ chilly; empty, deserted; corny
 +
|-
 +
|썹 || 눈썹 eyebrow
 +
|-
 +
|쎄 || 글쎄 well, … (DM)
 +
|-
 +
|쎠 || -
 +
|-
 +
|쎼 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
−
덱 deck
 
  
−
덴덴마크 Denmark
 
  
 +
; 쏘:
  
−
===도===
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 쏘 || 쏘다 shoot, fire (at); sting
 +
|-
 +
|쏟 || 쏟다 spill, pour out; 쏟아지다 pour, spill, gush  (자)
 +
|-
 +
|쏠 || 쏠다 lean toward, incline
 +
|-
 +
|쏴 || -
 +
|-
 +
|쐐 || 쐐기 wedge
 +
|-
 +
|쐬 || -
 +
|-
 +
|쑈 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
−
도토리 acorn; 도마 cutting board; 도마뱀 lizard;
 
  
−
독poison [毒 dú]; reading; Germany; 독~ strong, pungent, potent; spiteful; firm, dogged
 
  
−
돈money
+
; 쑤:
  
−
돋돋다 come up, rise (sun); grow up, sprout (싹)
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 쑤 || 쑤시다pick, poke; ache, throb, be sore
 +
|-
 +
|쑥 || mugwort
 +
|-
 +
|쒀 || -
 +
|-
 +
|쒜 || -
 +
|-
 +
|쒸 || -
 +
|-
 +
|쓔 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
−
돌stone; collide; sudden; 돌다 turn around, rotate
 
  
−
돕돕다 help, assist; relieve
 
  
−
동move: 동영상 video; 동작 move, movement; 동아리 club, society, group; ice [凍 dòng]; winter; 동물 animal;
+
; 쓰:
  
−
move; east; copper; same, together; move; building, street, block, village; reason, logic; bunch, load
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 쓰 || 쓰다 use, employ, spend; hire; spend; bitter; write; put on, wear쓰레기 trash
 +
|-
 +
|쓸 || 쓸다 sweep; 쓸모 use, usefulness; 쓸개 gallbladder 쓸쓸~lonely, solitary
 +
|-
 +
|씌 || 씌우다 spread, cover, be spread (not covering widely or extensively, cf. 덮다), wear, put on (clothing articles)
  
 +
|}
  
  
  
−
돼돼지 pig; > 되다
+
; 씨:
  
−
되back, again, repeated;  
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 씨(앗) || seed, pit
 +
|-
 +
|씬 || 날씬하다 slim, slender
 +
|-
 +
|씩- || 씩 each, separately, apiece; 씩씩~ vigorous, energetic
 +
|-
 +
|씹 || 씹다 chew, bite; 씹 coīre, pudenda [vulgar]
 +
|-
 +
|씻 || 씻다 wash, rinse, cleanse
  
−
되다 be done, finished, become; result in; come to; grow, thrive, prosper; consist of; able to do, will do; act as
+
|}
  
−
된뒨장 soybean paste
 
  
  
−
===두===
+
== ㅇ (1: 아, 어) ==
 +
이응
  
−
tofu, soy; head; two, couple; 두루미 crane (bird)
 
  
−
둑bank, levee
+
; 아:
  
−
둔 blunt; dull, stupid [鈍 dùn]
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 아 || 아몬드 almond; 아 child; 아기 baby, infant;
 +
|-
 +
|악 || 악어 crocodile; 악 evil, bad; music
 +
|-
 +
|안 || 안내 announcement;  안다 hold, hug, embrace
 +
|-
 +
|앉 || 앉다 sit, be seated
 +
|-
 +
|않 || 않다 not, do not
 +
|-
 +
|알 || (fish) egg, round object; 알다 know
 +
|-
 +
|앓 || 앓다 be sick, fall ill, suffer (from ~을)
 +
|-
 +
|암 || 암탉 hen; 암 cancer; rock; female (animal); dark, secret;
 +
|-
 +
|압 || pressure; push, press
 +
|-
 +
|앗 || -
 +
|-
 +
|앙 || center (央 yāng); onom. (e.g., baby crying)
 +
|-
 +
|앞 || front, ahead
 +
 +
|}
  
−
둘two; 둘째 second;
 
  
−
둥둥지 nest; 둥글다, 둥근 round, spherical
 
  
−
뒤뒤(쪽) back, rear; succession; later 못뒤다 bad, mean
+
; 애:
  
−
됫됫길 backstreet, byroad
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 애 || 애벌래 caterpillar
 +
|-
 +
|액 || amount ($), sum; liquid
 +
|-
 +
|앵 || 앵무새 parrot
 +
 +
|}
  
−
듀
 
  
  
−
===드 ===
+
; 야:
  
−
드럼 drum; 드리다 offer, give, present;  
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 야 || wilderness, field; at night; 야~ racy, sexual
 +
|-
 +
|약 || medicine; promise; weak
 +
|-
 +
|얄 || 얄밉다 detestable, hateful; naughty
 +
|-
 +
|얇 || 얇다 thin, fine; flimsy;
 +
|-
 +
|얌 || 얌전~ well behaved, quiet, gentle, meek, clean, modest, obedient
 +
|-
 +
|양 || sheep; ocean, Western; bring up, care, nourish; both; quantity, amount
 +
|-
 +
|얕 || 얕다 shallow (depth)
 +
 +
|}
  
−
득가득 full; benefit, advantage, gain, interest, good, profit [得 dé]; 가득~ crammed, full
 
  
−
든든든~ reassured, reliable, confident; full -든(지) either...or, whether...or; any, -ever
 
  
−
듣듣다 hear
+
; 얘:
  
−
들들깨 perilla; 들판 field, wild
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 얘 || 얘기 > 이야기
 +
 +
|}
  
−
들다 enter; cost; become; carry, lift
 
  
−
듬
 
  
−
등light, lamp; the back; class, grade
+
; 어:
  
 +
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 어 || 어치 jay (bird); 어항 fish bowl (魚缸); 어 fish; word, term, language어둡다 dark, gloomy어리다 young, little
 +
|-
 +
|억 || jade; 10<sup>8</sup>; tough; press, suppress
 +
|-
 +
|언 || words, talk; 언니 older sister; 언덕 hill; 언제 when, whenever
 +
|-
 +
|얹 || 얹다 lay, place (s.t.) on (s.t.), load (s.t.) with (s.t.)
 +
|-
 +
|얻 || 얻다 borrow; get, gain, win, take, acquire, achieve
 +
|-
 +
|얼 || 얼음 ice (얼다 freeze); 일굴 face, features, countenance, look; 얼얼~ hot, burning, on fire (e.g., tongue); 얼룩말 zebra; 얼룩 stain, smear, spot
 +
|-
 +
|얽 || 얽다 pitted; weave, tie up
 +
|-
 +
|엄 || 엄지 thumb; 엄마 mommy
 +
|-
 +
|업j || ob, business, industry, calling, vocation, occupation, trade, profession
 +
|-
 +
|없 || 없다
 +
|-
 +
|엇 || cross, intersect, pass, alternate
 +
|-
 +
|엉 || 엉덩이 buttocks, hip
 +
|-
 +
|엊 || 엊그제 a couple of days ago
 +
|-
 +
|엎 || 엎다 turn over / down, lay upside down; 엎지르다 to spill
 +
 +
|}
  
−
===디 ===
 
  
−
D, disk
 
  
 +
; 에:
  
 +
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 에 || at
 +
|-
 +
|엔 || 엔진 engine; yen
 +
 +
|}
  
  
  
 +
; 여:
  
−
== ㄸ ==
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 여 || 여우 fox; female, woman; travel; 여름 summer; 여치 long-horned grasshopper, katydid;
 +
|-
 +
|역 || station; translate; opposite, reverse
 +
|-
 +
|연 || 연 kite (鳶); 연 lotus (蓮); 연필 pencil; 연어 salmon; 연 research; perform; year
 +
|-
 +
|열 || 열무 young/slender radish; line, row, file, column, queue (렬); heat, temperature; ten
 +
|-
 +
|엶 || 엶다 thin; light, pale; light color
 +
|-
 +
|염 || salt; inflammation; dye
 +
|-
 +
|엽 || leaf; 엽기 bizarre
 +
|-
 +
|엿 || taffy, wheat gluten
 +
|-
 +
|영 || 영양 antelope; 수영 swim; England; zero; glory; shadow; neck, collar; reflect, cinema, movie; order, command
 +
|-
 +
|옅 || 옅다 light, pale, faint
 +
|-
 +
|옆 || side
  
−
===따 ===
+
|}
  
−
따다 pick, pluck; open, unlock; win, get, gain; 따갑다 prickly, hot, stinging; 따르다 follow; pour (in); 따로 separately, independently; 따뜻~ warm
+
==ㅇ (2: 어 우) ==
 +
이응
  
−
딱딱따구리 woodpecker;딱딱~ hard (texture), firm, stiff; 딱 w. bang, snap; positively, flatly; 딱지 scab; stamp, sticker
 
  
−
딴 different
+
; 예:
  
−
딸 daughter
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 예 || 예쁘다 pretty; art; yes; <br>
 +
old, ancient, old times; instance, example (例 lì); pre-, fore-, ease, comfort, happy (豫yù)예민~ sensitive, keen, sharp; sharpness, acumen, acuteness; > (锐 ruì) sharp, vigor;
 +
|-
 +
|옛 || old, ancient; 옛날 old days, formerly
 +
 +
|}
  
−
땀 sweat
 
  
−
땅 ground, land, eath
 
  
−
때dead skin, dirt; time, moment;때리다 beat, hit; 때로 sometimes, occasionally;  
+
; 오:
  
−
땡clang, ring, bell sound
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 오 || 오렌지 orange; 오리 duck; 오 five;
 +
|-
 +
|옥 || jade, gemstone 玉; prison, jail
 +
|-
 +
|온 || warm, temperature (溫 wēn); all, whole
 +
|-
 +
|올 || 올챙이 tadpole; 올빼미 tawney owl; 올가미 noose, lasso, snare; strand, ply; 올리다 raise, lift up, increase; offer; this year (올해)
 +
|-
 +
|옭 || 옭다 tie (up), fasten, secure
 +
|-
 +
|옮 || 옮기다 (ㄹ=Ø) move, shift, transfer; transmit (disease); translate, spread; 옮다 be infected, catch;
 +
|-
 +
|옳 || 옳다 right, righteous, just, truthful, correct, exact, accurate, proper, correct
 +
|-
 +
|옴 || scabies, mange, itch
 +
|-
 +
|옷 || 옷 clothes; 옷가방 suitcase
 +
|-
 +
|옹 || 옹이 knot (wood)
 +
 +
|}
  
−
떄
 
  
  
−
===떠 ===
+
;와:
  
−
떠나다 start out, leave, depart
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 와 || 기와 roof tile
 +
|-
 +
|완 || 완두콩 pea; 완 complete (완전~)
 +
|-
 +
|왈 || 왈츠 waltz; 왈 said, so-called
 +
|-
 +
|왕 || king; 왕관 crown
 +
 +
|}
  
−
떡 떡; 어떡하다
 
  
−
떤 어떤 which, what, how
 
  
−
떨 떨림 shaking (body, etc.), vibration; 떨다 shake, quiver, tremble; remove, shake off (떨내다); cf. 떨어지다 떨아지다 fall, drop; fail; run out;  
+
; 왜:
  
−
떫떫다 astringent, puckery, bitter, sour
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 왜 || why, how
 +
|-
 +
|왱 || onom.
 +
|-
 +
|왝 || onom.: urp, ugh; 왝왝~ retch
 +
 +
|}
  
−
떳떳떳~ honorable, blameless
 
  
−
떻어떻다, 어떻게 how, like what
 
  
−
떼떼다 take off, detach, pull off, remove;떼 group, swarm, crowd, throng, pack, flock, herd
+
; 외:
  
−
뗘
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 외 || outside, foreignonly, isolated, lonely (외롭다) 외치다 shout, yell
 +
|-
 +
|왼 || left side
 +
 +
|}
  
−
뗴
 
  
  
−
===또 ===
+
; 요:
  
−
also, again, and, too, both...and
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 요 || 요가 yoga; 요 mattress (kr. floor mattress); 요요 yo-yo; <br>要 essential, demand; cook; 
 +
|-
 +
|욕 || bath, bathe; abuse, abusive language, curse, shame, insult
 +
|-
 +
|용 || dragon; use
  
−
똑 똑똑~ clever, bright, intelligent; 똑똑 (adv./onom.) knock; drip;똑 just, exactly, right
+
 +
|}
  
−
똥 dung
 
  
−
똬
 
  
−
뙈
+
; 우:
  
−
뙤
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 우 || 우산 umbrella; beef (牛); right side; friend;
 +
|-
 +
|욱 || ugh
  
−
뚀
+
|-
 +
| 운 || 운동 exercise; transport, drive, move; luck, fate (運 yùn);
  
 +
울 || 울다 cry, weep울타리 fence 우울~ gloomy, depressed
 +
|-
 +
|움 || 움직이다 move, budge, change position; work, operate
 +
|-
 +
|웃 || 웃다 laugh, smile; 웃기다 make laugh, be funny
 +
|-
 +
|웅 || virile, male (雄xióng)
 +
 +
|}
  
−
===뚜===
 
  
−
뚜껑 lid; 메뚜기 locust, 귀뚜라미 cricket
 
  
−
뚝with a (heavy) snap, thud; suddenly, unexpectedly뚝뚝 onom.: raindrops 뚝배기 earthenware bowl
+
; 워:
  
−
뚫뚫다 to bore, drill (hole), penetrate
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 워 || 워어 exclam.
 +
|-
 +
|원 || 원숭이 monkey; 원 circle, round; desire, wish; origin; garden; court, institution; desire
 +
|-
 +
|월 || moon, month, Monday
 +
 +
|}
  
−
뚱뚱뚱이 fatso, 뚱뚱~;
 
  
−
엉뚱~ strange, odd, eccentric
 
  
−
뚸
+
; 웨:
  
−
뛔
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 웨 || 웨딩 wedding
 +
|-
 +
|웬 || a certain, some, what(ever)웬만~ tolerable, fairly good; tolerate
 +
|-
 +
|엘 || well-being
 +
|-
 +
|웹 || web (Internet)
 +
 +
|}
  
−
뛰뛰다 run, dash; jump, leap, skip, swing, beat뛰어나다 outstanding, good
 
  
−
뜀running
 
  
−
뜌
+
; 위:
  
 +
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 위 || 위스키 whiskey; 위 stomach; 위시본 wishbone 
 +
|-
 +
|윗 || 윗- upper-
 +
|-
 +
|윙 || wing; onom: buzz, hum; 윙크 wink
 +
 +
|}
  
−
===뜨===
 
  
−
뜨다 float; float (by) [in air/water]; rise, come (up); knit; leave, move on; scoop up, ladle out 뜨다 open (one’s eyes)뜨겁다 hot, burning
 
  
−
뜬 floating, drifting
 
  
−
뜯뜯다 tear off, pluck; bite, graze;  
+
; 유:
  
−
뜸moxibustion (Oriental medicine)  
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 유 || milk; Europe; exist, existence (有); entice, tempt (誘 yòu); 유리 glass; 유명~ famous
 +
|-
 +
| 육 || meat, flesh; six; land, ground (陸)
 +
|-
 +
| 윤 || shine, gloss, luster (潤 rùn); wheel; rotate, take turns (輪 lún)
 +
|-
 +
| 율 || 율동 rhythm; rate, ratio, freq. (率 lǜ); a law, regulation (률) (律 lǜ)
 +
 +
|}
  
−
뜻 meaning, intention, mind; 뜻~ mean, indicate, refer to;
 
  
−
띄
 
  
 +
; 융:
  
−
===띠 ===
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 융 || melt, blend, harmonious (融 róng); 융합 fusion, fuse (融合)
 +
|-
 +
| 윷 || (윷놀다) yut (game)
 +
 +
|}
  
−
belt, band, sash; zodiac sign 띠다 wear (belt)
 
  
 +
==ㅇ (3: 으, 이) ==
 +
이응
  
  
 +
; 으:
  
−
== ㄹ ==
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 으 || 으로; 으르다 threaten, intimidate, scare
  
−
===라===
+
|-
 +
| 윽 || 그윽~ deep, delicate; 그윽이 in secret, private, inwardly, in o’s heart; subtle; 윽 yuck
 +
|-
 +
| 은 || silver, money
 +
|-
 +
| 음 || sound, note, tone; drink; yin; φαλλος
 +
|-
 +
| 을 || 을지로; 가을 fall, autumn
 +
|-
 +
| 읊 || 읊다 chant/sing/write a poem
 +
|-
 +
| 읍 || town, village (邑 yì)
 +
|-
 +
| 응 || yes, mmm; response, e.g. 응급 emergency; congeal, solidify; concentrate attention, stare (凝 níng);
 +
 +
|}
  
−
라면 ramen; 리마 lama; 라디오 radio
 
  
−
락 락스bleach; fall, omit, scatter [낙, 落 luò]; NP-락 말락 on the brink/verge of; NP-락 and, or [?] (correlative?)
 
  
−
란egg; order, chaos [난, 亂 luàn]-(이)란 as for X; is called, (das) heißt; NP~ that is, that (which is) is named/called; generic topic NP; XP~? was heißt? [PP > -(이)라고 하는]
+
; 의:
  
−
람람바다 lambada
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 의 || 의자 chair, stool; 의사 doctor; 의- medicine; 의하다, 의해, 의한 be due to; be based on; according to, thanks to; -에 의해 by (passive agent) 의미~ mean, signify, stand for, indicate
 +
 +
|}
  
−
랍랍비 rabbi; 랍소디 rhapsody;
 
  
−
랑 신랑 bridegroom; (이)랑as for, and, with, etc. + topic 자랑 boast, brag, show off
 
  
−
랗커다랗다 big, large, huge;동그랗다 round; (-을) 동그랗게 around
+
; 이:
  
−
래come, coming오래다 long time
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 이 || 이구아나 iguana; 이발 barber; 이기다 win, beat, overcome; 이르다 early
 +
|-
 +
| 익 || 익다 be ripe, mature, done (fruit, grains, boiled/cooked items); skilled, experienced, familiar; used to; to master, become proficient, familiar with;
 +
인 || person; benevolence, virtue, humanity; seal, stamp; 인사~ greet
 +
|-
 +
| 일 || sun, day; work, job, matter; one, first
 +
|-
 +
| 읽 || 읽다 read, recite; guess, see, figure
 +
|-
 +
| 잃 || 잃다 lose, miss, be deprived of
 +
|-
 +
| 임 || 임신 (姙娠: rèn, conceive, be pregnant + shēn, pregnant)assign, appoint, take a post; responsibility; allow (任 rèn);
 +
|-
 +
| 입 || mouth, lips; enter 入; stand 立; 입다 put on, wear; suffer, sustain;
 +
|-
 +
| 잇 || 잇다 join, link, connect; continue, keep; inherit, succeed (ㅅ→Ø); → -이어 after; 잇 (slip-)cover;
 +
|-
 +
| 있 || 있다
 +
|-
 +
| 잉 || 잉어 carp
 +
|-
 +
| 잊 || 잊다 forget; put out of one’s mind
 +
|-
 +
| 잎 || 잎사위 leaf
 +
 +
|}
  
−
랭랭크되다, 랭킹 rank; 랭 cool; 무말랭이 dried sliced radish
 
  
−
랴
 
  
−
략전략 strategy;abbreviate(d), summary, plan, simplify
+
== ㅈ ==
 +
지읒
  
−
량car, carriage, e.g., 차량 [輛 liàng];volume, quantity, amount, capacity, supply, to measure [量 liáng]涼 [liáng/liàng] cool; disappointed, discouraged; e.g., 황량~ bleak, desolate
 
  
−
===러===
+
; 자 :
  
−
러너 runner; 러닝 running race; 러닝머신 treadmill; 러시아 Russia -러 [purpose clause + motion verbs];
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 자 || ruler; letter, character; 자다 sleep
 +
|-
 +
| 작 || 작가 writer, author; 작약 peony (芍藥);  작성 draft, prepare, draw up, prepare (作成); make, do 作; 작다 small, short, little;
 +
|-
 +
|잔 || cup; 잔디 grass, lawn
 +
|-
 +
|잖- || 잖아요 (e.g., 있잖아요) you know, don’t you know; > -지 않-
 +
|-
 +
|잘 || well; 자르다 cut off/out/away, sever, amputate, chop (up); = cutting long, thin objects잘다 small, little, fine
 +
|-
 +
|잠 || sleep
 +
|-
 +
|잡 || 잡다 grasp, grab, seize, catch, hold; 잡지 magazine; 잡mixed, various, misc., to mix (雜 zá): 잡채
 +
|-  
 +
|장 || 장어 eel; 장화 galoshes, rainboots; 장 intestine; 장아찌 pickled vegetables
 +
|-
 +
| 잦 || 잦다 be frequent
 +
|-
 +
| 재 || 재활용 recycling, recycle; 재 ash (담뱃재, 화산재); talent, skill; again, re-, exist (在)
 +
|-
 +
|쟁 || argue, debate, strive, vie (爭zhēng); 쟁기 plow (farming); gong; zither
 +
|-
 +
|쟈
 +
 +
|}
  
−
럭럭비 rugby
 
  
−
런런던 London; 런치 luncheon; 이런/그런 such, like, that kind of; 뉴런 neuron
 
  
−
럴그럴듯~ plausible, specious; decent;  
+
; 저:
  
−
럼rum
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 저 || 저녁 evening, dinner; 저울 balance scales, (pair of) scales; 저금통 coin bank, money box, piggy bank (돼지 저금통);  저리다 sore, pain, numb, ache, asleep; 저쪽 that side, over there; 저자 writer, author (著 zhe); low; bottom; we, our, us; they, their, them
 +
|-
 +
| 적 || 적신호 red light, warning/danger signal (敵 '''dí''' red); 적다 write down, note (down), enter; 적다 few, small
 +
|-
 +
|전 || Korean flatcake; 전화 telephone;
 +
|-
 +
|절 || festival, season (節); clause, paragraph, verse (節); cut, slice (切 qiē); (deep) bow; (Buddhist) temple
 +
|-
 +
|젊 || 젊다 young, youthful
 +
|-
 +
|점 || point, spot; store
 +
|-
 +
|접 || 접시 saucer, plate, dish; 접다 fold, furl; receive, welcome, answer, join (接 jiē);
 +
|-
 +
|젓 || 젓가각 chopstick
 +
|-
 +
|정 || well (井); stop; correct; order (e.g., 정리 arrange); 정~ decide 定; feeling, affection; really, truly; cold chisel
 +
|-
 +
| 젖 || breast, bosom, breast milk, (젖통) udder
 +
|-
 +
|제 || 제비 a swallow (bird); <br>제하다 divide, exclude, subtract, deduce; 제 make, manufacture, system (製 zhì); eliminate, get rid of (除chú); carry, propose, raise, offer, provide, (提tí); junior (f.); subject; aid, help, relief (濟 jì); 제트 a jet; 제발;
 +
|-
 +
|젤 || gel
 +
|-
 +
|졔 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
−
럽시럽 syrup; hunt, field, sports [ 獵 liè] -스럽다 seems, be like, suggest; -ish 더럽다 dirty
 
  
−
렁지렁이 earthworm; 우렁이 freshwater snail; 설렁탕 oxtail soup;
 
  
−
렇그렇다 [르래] so, such; true이렇다, 이렇게 like this, so저렇다 like that 누렇다 (golden/dirty) yellow; pale (sickly) yellow
+
; 조:
−
 
 
−
레레몬 lemon수레 wagon, cart, shopping cart, handcart, wheelbarrow
 
−
 
 
−
렌렌즈 lens; 렌즈콩 lentil; 렌치 wrench;
 
−
 
 
−
려고려 Goryeo dynasty; -려 be about to +V; -려나 I wonder +S-려고 in order to [+action verbs]
 
−
 
 
−
력달력 calendar [曆 lì ]; strength, power [力]; experience [歷 lì]
 
−
 
 
−
련practice, train [연] 세련되다 refined, sophisticated
 
−
 
 
−
렬강렬~ strong, intense, mighty; 렬 [烈 liè] strong, fierce
 
−
 
 
−
렴 honest, moderate [염]
 
−
 
 
−
렵 어렵다 difficult, hard 두렵다 fearful, afraid, terrified;hunt, field, sports [ 獵 liè]
 
−
 
 
−
렷뚜렷하다 clear, distinct, plain, evident, definite, obvious, apparent차렷 attention(!)
 
−
 
 
−
령대통령 president; 고령 old age;neck, collar [領 lǐng]; lead, command [영]; Spirit
 
−
 
 
−
례rite, ceremony [禮lĭ] instance, case, example, usual [例lì]
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===로===
 
−
 
 
−
로켓 rocket; 路 road; 로마 Rome; 로비 lobby; 로커locker;
 
−
 
 
−
록green; minutes, record, register, diary [녹] [錄 lù]
 
−
 
 
−
론discuss
 
−
 
 
−
롤 roll; 롤러 roller, squeegee
 
−
 
 
−
롭-롭다 characterized by 해롭다 harmful, bad 외롭다 lonely
 
−
 
 
−
롱 play with [농]; room salon [sic]
 
−
 
 
−
롸
 
−
 
 
−
뢰depend on [e.g., 신뢰 faith] [賴lài]
 
−
 
 
−
뢔
 
−
 
 
−
뢰thunder
 
−
 
 
−
료material (자료, 재료), estimate [料 liào]; finish, achieve, understand [了] (수료)
 
−
 
 
−
룡 공룡 dinosaur
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===루===
 
−
 
 
−
-루 base (baseball); 루비 ruby; 지루하다 boring; bored; dull, tedious, tiresome 루주 rouge, lipstick; 루블 ruble
 
−
 
 
−
룩거룩 holy, divine, sacred;
 
−
 
 
−
룰rule
 
−
 
 
−
뤄
 
−
 
 
−
뤠
 
−
 
 
−
뤼
 
−
 
 
−
류stream, flow [流liú]; kind, sort, style, type, manner, system; papers, documents
 
−
 
 
−
륙continent, land mass [陸]
 
−
 
 
−
륭훌륭~ excellent, great, magnificent; great, grand, lofty; honorable, admirable [隆 lóng]; 흥륭~ prosperity, prosper, flourish
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===르 ===
 
−
 
 
−
그르다, 그름 wrong, incorrect; hopeless;다르다 different 흐르다 flow, run; 부르다 full푸르다 blue, azure, green 르네상스 Renaissance; 장르 genre
 
−
 
 
−
른오른(쪽) right side
 
−
 
 
−
름기름 oil
 
−
 
 
−
릎무릎 knee
 
−
 
 
−
릐
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===리 ===
 
−
 
 
−
리모진 limo bus; 리마 콩 lima beans; 리본 ribbon
 
−
 
 
−
린린스 rinse (hair)
 
−
 
 
−
림 삼림 forest; 아이스크림 ice cream
 
−
 
 
−
립림 stand, establish [立]; 그립다 long for, miss
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
==  ㅁ ==
 
−
 
 
−
===마===
 
−
 
 
−
마늘 garlic; 마을 village, hamlet; 마루 (wooden) floor; 마치다 end, finis
 
−
 
 
−
막end, last; desert; curtain; 막다 clog, block; stop, prevent; enclose,
 
−
 
 
−
맏firstborn
 
−
 
 
−
만(₩)10,000; full; only; bay, gulf
 
−
 
 
−
많많이
 
−
 
 
−
맏 first born, eldest
 
−
 
 
−
말horse; end; language, speech, word, talk; 말다 stop, skip, break off; roll (up)
 
−
 
 
−
맑맑다 clear, clean, pure; sunny
 
−
 
 
−
맛taste, flavor
 
−
 
 
−
망net; 망치 hammer
 
−
 
 
−
맞맞다 be correct, agree, fit; be hit, struck, beaten; get acupuncture [침]; greet, welcome, receive; face a certain time; ...맞아 over, during
 
−
 
 
−
맡맡다 smell, sniff at, sense; keep, take charge of, take on; be in charge; 맡기다 entrust, leave
 
−
 
 
−
매매실 green plum; 매 sour plum; hawk; whip, rod, cane; sell, buy; 매미; 매다 tie, fasten, wear
 
−
 
 
−
맥산맥 mountain range; 동맥 artery; 맥 vein (of ore); pulse
 
−
 
 
−
맨bare, unprotected, nothing but; the very, the most, at the very front; 맨션 mansion;
 
−
 
 
−
맵맵다 spicy
 
−
 
 
−
맹blind; plain, bland
 
−
 
 
−
맺맺다 tie (up), knot; bear (fruit); conclude, finish, close
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===머===
 
−
 
 
−
머리 head, hair;
 
−
 
 
−
먹eat, make, suffer; ink (中國, 인도)
 
−
 
 
−
먼먼지 dust; 먼저 first (of all); previously
 
−
 
 
−
멀멀다 be far; 멀리 far away, distant
 
−
 
 
−
멈멈추다 stop, halt
 
−
 
 
−
멋a show, relish, taste; 멋싰다, 멋지다
 
−
 
 
−
멍멍 bruise, contusion멍하다 blank, stupified멍멍 onom.
 
−
 
 
−
===메===
 
−
 
 
−
메뚜기 locust; 메뉴 menu;메기 catfish; 메달 medal
 
−
 
 
−
멧멧돼지 wild boar
 
−
 
 
−
며 며칠 what day?
 
−
 
 
−
멱
 
−
 
 
−
면surface, face, side, aspect; noodle; cotton
 
−
 
 
−
멸destroy, exterminate
 
−
 
 
−
명name, famous; bright, clear; command
 
−
 
 
−
몇 some, several; how many / much / far
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===모===
 
−
 
 
−
모기 mosquito; rice spout, seedling; mother; angle [kr]; 모으다 gather, collect [타], 모이다 [자]
 
−
 
 
−
목neck, throat; eye, item [目]; wood, tree
 
−
 
 
−
몪몪다 tie, bind
 
−
 
 
−
몬몬순 monsoon
 
−
 
 
−
몰몰다 steer, drive, chase, pursue, run after; to corner; charge, accuse w. crime; 몰 lack, sink [沒]; 몰라요 > 모르다 not know
 
−
 
 
−
몸body
 
−
 
 
−
못nail, peg; callous, corn; pond, pool; 못~ cannot, not, incapable; poor; inferior 뭇지않다 not as X as, not inferior
 
−
 
 
−
몽dream
 
−
 
 
−
뫼grave, tomb
 
−
 
 
−
묘grave; mystery, wonder묘~ odd, strange 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===무===
 
−
 
 
−
무 radish
 
−
 
 
−
묵bean / grain jelly [e.g., 도토리묵]silent; 목다 old, antiquated; stop, lodge at
 
−
 
 
−
문문 door; 문어 octopus letter, writing; question
 
−
 
 
−
묻묻다 ask, question, inquire; smear, stain; bury, conceal, hide
 
−
 
 
−
물water; 물다 bite, sting; hold s.t. in one’s mouth; pay, repay
 
−
 
 
−
묽묽다 watery; weak; thin
 
−
 
 
−
뭇bunch, bundle; various
 
−
 
 
−
뭉 뭉치다 (form a) mass, lump, mass; unite, stand, get together
 
−
 
 
−
뭐what
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===므===
 
−
 
 
−
므낫세 Manasseh
 
−
 
 
−
믜
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===미===
 
−
 
 
−
미나리 water dropwort / parsely; 미 beauty; taste; rice; 미치다 be/go crazy
 
−
 
 
−
믹믹서 mixer
 
−
 
 
−
민people, tribe
 
−
 
 
−
믿맏다 believe, trust; rely on
 
−
 
 
−
밀secret; 밀다 push
 
−
 
 
−
밉밉다 detestable, hateful, odious
 
−
 
 
−
밋
 
−
 
 
−
및and (also), both...and
 
−
 
 
−
밑 bottom, below, lower, base, underneath; lower, subordinate
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
==  ㅂ ==
 
−
 
 
−
===바===
 
−
 
 
−
바나나 banana; 바퀴벌레 cockroach;
 
−
 
 
−
바퀴 wheel; 바구니 basket; 바탕 background; 바라다 wish, desire; 바르다 apply, put on
 
−
 
 
−
박gourd; 박다 hammer, drive (into), ram
 
−
 
 
−
밖outside
 
−
 
 
−
반half; opposite
 
−
 
 
−
받쓰레받기 dustpan; 받다 receive;
 
−
 
 
−
발foot, step; depart, rise> 바르다 upright; right, correct; cover, plaster, spread, apply, put on (topically)
 
−
 
 
−
밝밝다 bright, light, brilliant, to dawn;밝히다 reveal, disclose; light
 
−
 
 
−
밟밟다 step on
 
−
 
 
−
밤chestnut; night
 
−
 
 
−
밥rice
 
−
 
 
−
밧밧줄 rope
 
−
 
 
−
방room; defend
 
−
 
 
−
밭(dry) field, farm
 
−
 
 
−
배pear; ship; belly
 
−
 
 
−
백white; 100; (양)배추 white cabbage
 
−
 
 
−
뱀snake
 
−
 
 
−
뱃> 배
 
−
 
 
−
뱅뱅이
 
−
 
 
−
뱉뱉다 spit (at/out)
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===버===
 
−
 
 
−
버섯 mushroom; 버팔로 buffalo; 버릇 habit; manners; 버리다 throw away;
 
−
 
 
−
벅벅차다 hard to manage, too much, beyond one’s power; full n
 
−
 
 
−
번번개 lightning, thunderbolt; 번빵 bun;번 number, repeat; change, shift, alternate; MW iterations [番 fān]
 
−
 
 
−
벋
 
−
 
 
−
벌벌bee, wasp; 벌레 bug, worm;벌다 make, earn (money); 벌리다 open, spread (by pulling apart or separating)
 
−
 
 
−
범 범인, 범죄자 criminal 표범 leopard; (범== tiger, tigress)
 
−
 
 
−
범하다 commit (error, mistake);
 
−
 
 
−
ordinary, common, mundane, temporal (평범~) [凡 fán]; pan- (all), general; offense; pattern, master;
 
−
 
 
−
법law, rule, method
 
−
 
 
−
벗벗다take off, remove, undress
 
−
 
 
−
벙벙커 bunker; 벙어리 mute, speech-impaired; 벙벙~ stunned, dumbfounded
 
−
 
 
−
벚벚꽃 cherry blossom; 벚나무 cherry tree
 
−
 
 
−
베베다 rest, lay one’s head on; 베다 cut, slice, (e.g., finger), mow; [erg./passive/adversative]베개 pillow
 
−
 
 
−
밴van
 
−
 
 
−
뱅뱅어 whitebait fish
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===벼===
 
−
 
 
−
rice plant; paddy
 
−
 
 
−
벽wall, partition; habit > 버릇
 
−
 
 
−
변변하다 change, alter; 변 dung, feces; accident
 
−
 
 
−
별star; another, other, particular [别]
 
−
 
 
−
볍볍씨 rice seed; 가볍다, 가볍게 light, simple, gentle, easy; frivolous(ly), careless; minor, mild
 
−
 
 
−
병bottle, jar; disease, sic
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===보===
 
−
 
 
−
gem, jewel, precious stone [寶 bǎo]; step, walk;
 
−
 
 
−
report; see; try; protect; beam, girder; assistant, supplementary
 
−
 
 
−
복복숭아 peach; duplicate, copy [复 fù]; clothes; blessing, fortune, happiness
 
−
 
 
−
볶볶다, 볶음 stir -fry
 
−
 
 
−
본root, origin, base, model, pattern, main [本]; V-본적 있다 experiential perfective
 
−
 
 
−
볼cheek
 
−
 
 
−
봄spring(time)
 
−
 
 
−
봉peak; envelope, paper packet (e.g., for medicine); serve, service, offering 한라봉 Hallasan citrus
 
−
 
 
−
봐> 보다
 
−
 
 
−
뵙뵙다 see, meet (hon.)
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===부===
 
−
 
 
−
부추 chives; 부채folding fan; part (일부 some; 부분 piece);
 
−
 
 
−
부동산; skin [肤 fū]; wealth, blessing, fortune, riches; father; part, section, department, division; unit; wife; vice-, attached to, supplement, addition; not 부르다 call, sing
 
−
 
 
−
북drum (Korean traditional); north;
 
−
 
 
−
분powder; a minute, divide, share, a division; one-tenth; anger;
 
−
 
 
−
불fire, light불다 blow; swell up (w. water), soaked
 
−
 
 
−
붉붉다 red, crimson, scarlet [ㄹ==Ø]
 
−
 
 
−
붓붓다 pour (in/into) [ㅅ→Ø];swell (up), become swollen
 
−
 
 
−
붕붕소 boron; 붕어 carp; 부엉이 owl; 지붕 roof
 
−
 
 
−
붙붙다 [자], stick to, adhere; 붙이다 [타] stick, adhere; pass (exam); stay close to; stay; join w.;
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===브===
 
−
 
 
−
브레이크 brake
 
−
 
 
−
블블라우스 blouse
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===비===
 
−
 
 
−
rain; compare, ratio, proportion; fat; broom, brush; 비다 empty, vacant, unoccupied 비치다 shine, be reflected; 비추다 shine, reflect
 
−
 
 
−
빈empty; guest
 
−
 
 
−
빌빌리다 borrow, take a loan; 빌다 borrow; employ, use; pray, wish
 
−
 
 
−
빗comb; 빗자루 broom
 
−
 
 
−
빙ice
 
−
 
 
−
빚debt, loan
 
−
 
 
−
빛light, color; ~나다shine, sparkle
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
==  ㅃ ==
 
−
 
 
−
===빠===
 
−
 
 
−
빠지다 deflate, drain, fall out; lose weight; sink; be absorbed, drowned; fall out, be dropped, be absent
 
−
 
 
−
빤(빤하다 == 뻔하다)
 
−
 
 
−
빨빨다 suck (at/on); wash; 빨래; 빨리
 
−
 
 
−
빵bread
 
−
 
 
−
빼 빼다 pull out, subtract, remove, take out
 
−
 
 
−
뺘
 
−
 
 
−
뺨cheek
 
−
 
 
−
뺴
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===뻐===
 
−
 
 
−
뻐꾸기 cuckoo; 기뻐~ rejoice, happy
 
−
 
 
−
뻔 뻔하다 clear, plain, obvious
 
−
 
 
−
뻗뻗다 spread, extend, stretch, reach out, (oneself, body; stative) (타/차)
 
−
 
 
−
볍가볍다 light; ;simple; careless
 
−
 
 
−
뻥bang, pop
 
−
 
 
−
뻬
 
−
 
 
−
뼈bone
 
−
 
 
−
뼤
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===뽀===
 
−
 
 
−
뽀뽀 kiss, peck (onom.)
 
−
 
 
−
뽑뽑다 pull, draw, take out, extract (e.g., tooth, nail, tree); select, choose;
 
−
 
 
−
뽕mulberry; 뽕짝 == 트고트 trot music
 
−
 
 
−
뽜
 
−
 
 
−
뽸
 
−
 
 
−
뾔
 
−
 
 
−
뾰뾰족~ sharp, pointed; 뾰루지 skin rash, pimple
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===뿌===
 
−
 
 
−
뿌리 root 뿌리다 spread, sprinkle; put on, apply
 
−
 
 
−
뿍듬뿍 generously, liberally
 
−
 
 
−
뿔antler, horn; projection, tip; 코뿔소 rhino
 
−
 
 
−
뿨
 
−
 
 
−
쀄
 
−
 
 
−
쀠
 
−
 
 
−
쀼
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===쁘===
 
−
 
 
−
쁘띠 petit(e); 기쁘다 glad, happy; 바쁘다 busy
 
−
 
 
−
쁴
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===삐===
 
−
 
 
−
삐다 twist, sprain (injury)
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
==  ㅅ ==
 
−
 
 
−
===사===
 
−
 
 
−
사자 lion; 사탕 candy; 사 sand; scholar; teacher; four 사다 buy
 
−
 
 
−
삭cut, subtract; 삭도(차) cable car
 
−
 
 
−
산mountain; calculate; umbrella
 
−
 
 
−
살flesh, skin, meat; kill; 살구 apricot;살다 be alive; live; reside; 살 age, years;(불) 사르다 burn, set on fire, make a fire
 
−
 
 
−
삶삶 life; 삶다 boil, simmer, cook
 
−
 
 
−
삼three; hemp, flax (plant, cloth)
 
−
 
 
−
삽 shovel, spade, scoop
 
−
 
 
−
상상어 shark; table, bench; image; 上 top, above, ascend, supreme, upper;상상~ imagine
 
−
 
 
−
새bird; new
 
−
 
 
−
색color
 
−
 
 
−
생be born, life, living, raw; student생각~ think
 
−
 
 
−
샤샤워하다
 
−
 
 
−
섀
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===서===
 
−
 
 
−
book, writing, document; west; public office;서다 stand; halt, stop
 
−
 
 
−
석stone; seat
 
−
 
 
−
섞섞다 mix, mingle, blend, shuffle
 
−
 
 
−
선선지 blood soup; 선인장 cactus; 선 ship, boat; first; line, cord; fresh; select, elect; 선물 gift, present
 
−
 
 
−
설설탕 sugar; 說 theory, explain, talk; establish (설명~);설거지 dishes (to wash), dish-washing
 
−
 
 
−
섬island, isle
 
−
 
 
−
섭섭섭~ sorry, disappointed, regrettable;섭씨 Celsius 무섭다 scary, frightening ; scared, afraid 섭 take in, absorb, assimilate; act for; care for one’s health [攝 shè]; to wade, be involved, concern, experience [涉shè]
 
−
 
 
−
섯 halt! [mil.]; 버섯 mushroom
 
−
 
 
−
성fortress; voice; star, planet; saint, holy; surname; anger, wrath; success성공~ succeed
 
−
 
 
−
세wash; tax; (힘) 세다 strong, powerful, vigorous, muscular; violent, sever, intense (e.g., forces)
 
−
 
 
−
세다 count, calculate
 
−
 
 
−
섹섹시~ hot, sexy
 
−
 
 
−
셈calculation, sum
 
−
 
 
−
셔
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===소===
 
−
 
 
−
cow; small
 
−
 
 
−
속stomach, (the) inside, one’s insides, one’s heart; speed, speedy;속~ belong to
 
−
 
 
−
손hand
 
−
 
 
−
솔brush; to lead솔직~ honest, open
 
−
 
 
−
솜cotton
 
−
 
 
−
솟솟다 gush, spring, spurt out; break froth; rise, tower, soar; 솟대 acrobat’s pole; ritual / festive dragon head pole
 
−
 
 
−
송pine; 송이 pine mushroom
 
−
 
 
−
솥clay / cast iron pot, caldron
 
−
 
 
−
솨
 
−
 
 
−
쇄쇄골 collarbone, clavicle [鎖骨 suǒ lock (up)]
 
−
 
 
−
쇠iron
 
−
 
 
−
쇼쇼핑 shopping; 쇼크, 쇼캉하다 shock;
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===수===
 
−
 
 
−
water; hand; receive; guard
 
−
 
 
−
숙숙주나물 mung bean sprouts; lodge; 기숙사 dorm
 
−
 
 
−
순순두부찌개 tofu stew
 
−
 
 
−
숟숟가락 spoon
 
−
 
 
−
술liquor, alcohol; tassel, tuft, fringe (e.g., 입술)skill, art, method, technique
 
−
 
 
−
숨솜다, 숨기다 hide; 숨 breath, 숨쉬다 breathe
 
−
 
 
−
숫pure, innocent
 
−
 
 
−
숭숭늉 == 누롱지 soup
 
−
 
 
−
숲 forest
 
−
 
 
−
숱thickness (hair); 숱하다 numerous, a lot
 
−
 
 
−
숴shoo!
 
−
 
 
−
쉐
 
−
 
 
−
쉬쉬다 relax, rest; take a day off; breathe; be hoarse; go bad, spoil 쉬 == 小便
 
−
 
 
−
쉰쉰 fifty
 
−
 
 
−
쉽쉽다 easy, simple
 
−
 
 
−
슈슈퍼마트
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===스===
 
−
 
 
−
스웨터 sweater
 
−
 
 
−
습study, practice; 습~ damp(ness), moist, wet, soggy 우습다 funny, humorous
 
−
 
 
−
슬슬라이드 slide, transparency
 
−
 
 
−
슬프다 sad, sorrowful; 슬퍼하다 be sad슬다 disappear, vanish; wither, wilt; rust
 
−
 
 
−
슴슴베 handle, end (knife, farm tool), tool tang
 
−
 
 
−
슷비슷다 similar, like, alike
 
−
 
 
−
승boarding; victory, win
 
−
 
 
−
싀
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===시===
 
−
 
 
−
시금치 spinach time; city, market; test, try; poetry시다 sour;
 
−
 
 
−
식food, eat; style, ceremony; plant; know, recognize
 
−
 
 
−
신kidney; believe; spirit; footwear, shoes; sour; god[神]신다 put on, wear (footwear)
 
−
 
 
−
싣싣다 load [ㄷ→ㄹ]
 
−
 
 
−
실room; fruit; failure, mistake;
 
−
 
 
−
싫싫다 hateful; hate, dislike
 
−
 
 
−
심heart, mind; deep; 심하다 bad, serious 심다 plant
 
−
 
 
−
십ten
 
−
 
 
−
싱싱싱~ fresh싱크 sink 싱겁다 bland
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
==  ㅆ ==
 
−
 
 
−
===싸===
 
−
 
 
−
싸다 cheap; wrap (up), pack 싸우다 fight, argue
 
−
 
 
−
싹shoot, spout; quite, completely
 
−
 
 
−
쌀 rice
 
−
 
 
−
쌈lettuce wrap
 
−
 
 
−
쌍pair, twins, couple
 
−
 
 
−
쌓쌓다 pile, stack, heap (up), accumulate;쌓이다 be stacked, pile up
 
−
 
 
−
쌔
 
−
 
 
−
쌰
 
−
 
 
−
썌
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===써===
 
−
 
 
−
썩썩다 rot, decay, decompose, go bad; be corrupt
 
−
 
 
−
썰썰다 slice, , chop, cut (solid objects, e.g., meat, vegetables, food)썰렁~ chilly; empty, deserted; corny
 
−
 
 
−
썹눈썹 eyebrow
 
−
 
 
−
쎄글쎄 well, … (DM)
 
−
 
 
−
쎠
 
−
 
 
−
쎼
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===쏘===
 
−
 
 
−
쏘다 shoot, fire (at); sting
 
−
 
 
−
쏟쏟다 spill, pour; concentrate (on), devote o.s. to s.t.; pour out, vent;아지다 pour [자]
 
−
 
 
−
쏠쏠다 lean toward, incline
 
−
 
 
−
쏴
 
−
 
 
−
쐐쐐기 wedge
 
−
 
 
−
쐬
 
−
 
 
−
쑈
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===쑤===
 
−
 
 
−
쑤시다pick, poke; ache, throb, be sore
 
−
 
 
−
쑥mugwort
 
−
 
 
−
쒀
 
−
 
 
−
쒜
 
−
 
 
−
쒸
 
−
 
 
−
쓔
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===쓰===
 
−
 
 
−
쓰다 use, employ, spend; hire; spend; bitter; write; put on, wear쓰레기 trash
 
−
 
 
−
쓸 쓸다 sweep; 쓸모 use, usefulness; 쓸개 gallbladder 쓸쓸~lonely, solitary
 
−
 
 
−
씌씌우다 spread, cover, be spread (not covering widely or extensively, cf. 덮다), wear, put on (clothing articles)
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===씨===
 
−
 
 
−
씨 seed, pit
 
−
 
 
−
씬날씬하다 slim, slender
 
−
 
 
−
씩-씩 each, separately, apiece; 씩씩~ vigorous, energetic
 
−
 
 
−
씹씹다 chew, bite; 씹 coīre, pudenda
 
−
 
 
−
씻씻다 wash, rinse, cleanse
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
==  ㅇ (1: 아, 어) ==
 
−
 
 
−
===아===
 
−
 
 
−
아몬드 almond; 아 child; 아기 baby, infant;
 
−
 
 
−
악악어 crocodile; 악 evil, bad; music
 
−
 
 
−
안안경 eyeglasses; 안다 hold, hug, embrace;
 
−
 
 
−
앉앉다 sit, be seated
 
−
 
 
−
않않다 not, do not
 
−
 
 
−
알(fish) egg, round object; 알다 know
 
−
 
 
−
앓앓다 be sick, fall ill, suffer (from ~을)
 
−
 
 
−
암암탉 hen;암 cancer; rock; female (animal); dark, secret;
 
−
 
 
−
압pressure; push, press
 
−
 
 
−
앗
 
−
 
 
−
앙center [央 yāng]; onom. (e.g., baby crying)
 
−
 
 
−
앞front, ahead
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===애===
 
−
 
 
−
애벌래 caterpillar
 
−
 
 
−
액amount ($), sum; liquid
 
−
 
 
−
앵 앵무새 parrot
 
−
 
 
−
===야===
 
−
 
 
−
wilderness, field; at night; 야~ racy, sexual
 
−
 
 
−
약medicine; promise; weak
 
−
 
 
−
얄얄밉다 detestable, hateful; naughty
 
−
 
 
−
얇얇다 thin, fine; flimsy;
 
−
 
 
−
얌얌전~ well behaved, quiet, gentle, meek, clean, modest, obedient
 
−
 
 
−
양sheep; ocean, Western; bring up, care, nourish; both; quantity, amount
 
−
 
 
−
얕얕다 shallow (depth)
 
−
 
 
−
===얘===
 
−
 
 
−
얘기 > 이야기
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===어===
 
−
 
 
−
어치 jay (bird); 어fish; word, term, language어둡다 dark, gloomy어리다 young, little
 
−
 
 
−
억jade; 10<sup>8</sup><nowiki>; tough; press, suppress </nowiki>
 
−
 
 
−
언words, talk; 언니 older sister; 언덕 hill; 언제 when, whenever
 
−
 
 
−
얹얹다 lay, place (s.t.) on (s.t.), load (s.t.) with (s.t.)
 
−
 
 
−
얻얻다 borrow; get, gain, win, take, acquire, achieve
 
−
 
 
−
얼얼음 ice (얼다 freeze); 일굴 face, features, countenance, look 얼얼~ hot, burning, on fire (e.g., tongue)얼룩말 zebra; 얼룩 stain, smear, spot
 
−
 
 
−
얽얽다 pitted; weave, tie up
 
−
 
 
−
엄severe, strict, stern; 엄마 mommy
 
−
 
 
−
업job, business, industry, calling, vocation, occupation, trade, profession
 
−
 
 
−
없없다
 
−
 
 
−
엇cross, intersect, pass, alternate
 
−
 
 
−
엉엉덩이 buttocks, hip
 
−
 
 
−
엊  엊그제 a couple of days ago
 
−
 
 
−
엎엎다 turn over / down, lay upside down
 
−
 
 
−
===에===
 
−
 
 
−
at
 
−
 
 
−
엔엔진 engine; yen
 
−
 
 
−
===여===
 
−
 
 
−
여우 fox; female, woman; travel; 여름 summer; 여치 long-horned grasshopper, katydid;
 
−
 
 
−
역station; translate; opposite, reverse
 
−
 
 
−
연lotus; research; perform; year; kite; salmon<nowiki>; smoke</nowiki>
 
−
 
 
−
열열무 young/slender radish; line, row, file, column, queue [렬]; heat, temperature; ten
 
−
 
 
−
엶엶다 thin; light, pale; light color
 
−
 
 
−
염salt; inflammation; dye
 
−
 
 
−
엽leaf; 엽기 bizarre
 
−
 
 
−
엿 taffy, wheat gluten
 
−
 
 
−
영영양 antelope; 수영 swim;England; zero; glory; shadow; neck, collar; reflect, cinema, movie; order, command
 
−
 
 
−
옅옅다 light, pale, faint
 
−
 
 
−
옆side
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
==  ㅇ (2: 오, 우) ==
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===예===
 
−
 
 
−
예쁘다 pretty; art; yes;
 
−
 
 
−
old, ancient, old times; instance, example [例 lì]; pre-, fore-, ease, comfort, happy [豫yù]예민~ sensitive, keen, sharp; sharpness, acumen, acuteness; > [锐 ruì] sharp, vigor;
 
−
 
 
−
옛old, ancient; 옛날 old days, formerly
 
−
 
 
−
===오===
 
−
 
 
−
오렌지 orange; 오리 duck; 오 five;
 
−
 
 
−
옥jade, gemstone 玉; prison, jail
 
−
 
 
−
온warm, temperature [溫 wēn]; all, whole
 
−
 
 
−
올올가미 noose, lasso, snare; strand, ply; 올리다 raise, lift up, increase; offer; this year (올해)
 
−
 
 
−
옭옭다 tie (up), fasten, secure
 
−
 
 
−
옮옮기다 [ㄹ==Ø] move, shift, transfer; transmit (disease); translate, spread; 옮다 be infected, catch;
 
−
 
 
−
옳옳다 right, righteous, just, truthful, correct, exact, accurate, proper, correct
 
−
 
 
−
옴scabies, mange, itch
 
−
 
 
−
옷clothes
 
−
 
 
−
옹옹이 knot (wood)
 
−
 
 
−
===와===
 
−
 
 
−
기와 roof tile
 
−
 
 
−
완완두콩 pea; 완 complete (완전~)
 
−
 
 
−
왈왈츠 waltz; 왈 said, so-called
 
−
 
 
−
왕king
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===왜===why, how
 
−
 
 
−
왱onom.
 
−
 
 
−
왝onom.: urp, ugh; 왝왝~ retch
 
−
 
 
−
===외===outside, foreignonly, isolated, lonely (외롭다) 외치다 shout, yell
 
−
 
 
−
왼left side
 
−
 
 
−
===요===
 
−
 
 
−
요가 yoga; 요 mattress (kr. floor mattress);
 
−
 
 
−
要 essential, demand; cook; 요구~ request, demand; 요일 day of the week; 요즘 these days, nowadays
 
−
 
 
−
욕bath, bathe; abuse, abusive language, curse, shame, insult
 
−
 
 
−
용dragon; use
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===우===
 
−
 
 
−
우산 umbrella; beef [牛]; right side; friend;
 
−
 
 
−
욱ugh
 
−
 
 
−
운운동 exercise;transport, drive, move; luck, fate [運 yùn];
 
−
 
 
−
울울다 cry, weep울타리 fence 우울~ gloomy, depressed
 
−
 
 
−
움움직이다 move, budge, change position; work, operate
 
−
 
 
−
웃웃다 laugh, smile; 웃기다 make laugh, be funny
 
−
 
 
−
웅virile, male [雄xióng]
 
−
 
 
−
===워===<우어 exclam.
 
−
 
 
−
원원숭이 monkey; 원 circle, round; desire, wish; origin; garden; court, institution; desire
 
−
 
 
−
월moon, month, Monday
 
−
 
 
−
===웨===웨딩 wedding
 
−
 
 
−
웬a certain, some, what(ever)웬만~ tolerable, fairly good; tolerate
 
−
 
 
−
엘well-being
 
−
 
 
−
웹web (Internet)
 
−
 
 
−
===위===stomach; position; danger; top; up, upper part 위하다, 위해, 위한 have a purpose for; care for; for; GER+~ for, to [purpose] 위대~ great 위험~ dangerous
 
−
 
 
−
윗윗- upper-
 
−
 
 
−
윙wing; onom: buzz, hum; 윙크 wink
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
==  ㅇ (3: 으, 이) ==
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===유===milk; Europe; exist, existence [有]; entice, tempt [誘 yòu]; 유리 glass; 유명~ famous
 
−
 
 
−
육meat, flesh; six; land, ground [陸]
 
−
 
 
−
윤shine, gloss, luster [潤 rùn]; wheel; rotate, take turns [輪 lún]
 
−
 
 
−
율율동 rhythm; rate, ratio, freq. [率 lǜ]; a law, regulation [률] [律 lǜ]
 
−
 
 
−
융=== ===melt, blend, harmonious [融 róng]; 융합 fusion, fuse [融合]
 
−
 
 
−
윷 (윷놀다) yut (game)
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===으===
 
−
 
 
−
으로; 으르다 threaten, intimidate, scare
 
−
 
 
−
윽그윽~ deep, delicate; 그윽이 in secret, private, inwardly, in o’s heart; subtle;윽 yuck
 
−
 
 
−
은 silver, money
 
−
 
 
−
음 sound, note, tone; drink; yin; φαλλος
 
−
 
 
−
을을지로; 가을 fall, autumn
 
−
 
 
−
읊읊다 chant/sing/write a poem
 
−
 
 
−
읍town, village [邑 yì]
 
−
 
 
−
응 yes, mmm; response, e.g. 응급 emergency; congeal, solidify; concentrate attention, stare [凝 níng];
 
−
 
 
−
===의===
 
−
 
 
−
의자 chair, stool; 의사 doctor; 의- medicine; 의하다, 의해, 의한 be due to; be based on; according to, thanks to; -에 의해 by [passive agent] 의미~ mean, signify, stand for, indicate
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===이===
 
−
 
 
−
이구아나 iguana; 이발 barber 이기다 win, beat, overcome; 이르다 early
 
−
 
 
−
익익다 be ripe, mature, done (fruit, grains, boiled/cooked items); skilled, experienced, familiar; used to; to master, become proficient, familiar with;
 
−
 
 
−
인person; benevolence, virtue, humanity; seal, stamp; 인사~ greet
 
−
 
 
−
일sun, day; work, job, matter; one, first
 
−
 
 
−
읽읽다 read, recite; guess, see, figure
 
−
 
 
−
잃잃다 lose, miss, be deprived of
 
−
 
 
−
임임신 [姙娠: rèn, conceive, be pregnant + shēn, pregnant]assign, appoint, take a post; responsibility; allow [任 rèn];
 
−
 
 
−
입mouth, lips; enter 入; stand 立;입다 put on, wear; suffer, sustain;
 
−
 
 
−
잇잇다 join, link, connect; continue, keep; inherit, succeed [ㅅ→Ø]<nowiki>; → -</nowiki>이어 after; 잇 (slip-)cover;
 
−
 
 
−
있있다
 
−
 
 
−
잉잉어 carp
 
−
 
 
−
잊잊다 forget; put out of one’s mind
 
−
 
 
−
잎leaf
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
==  ㅈ ==
 
−
 
 
−
===자 ===ruler; letter, character; 자다 sleep
 
−
 
 
−
작 작가 writer, author; > make, do 作; 작다 small, short, little;
 
−
 
 
−
잔cup; 잔디 grass, lawn
 
−
 
 
−
잖-잖아요 (e.g., 있잖아요) you know, don’t you know; > -지 않-
 
−
 
 
−
잘well; 자르다 cut off/out/away, sever, amputate, chop (up); == cutting long, thin objects잘다 small, little, fine
 
−
 
 
−
잠sleep
 
−
 
 
−
잡잡다 grasp, grab, seize, catch, hold; 잡지 magazine; 잡mixed, various, misc., to mix [雜 zá]: 잡채
 
−
 
 
−
장장어eel; intestine; soy sauce; 장아찌 pickled vegetables
 
−
 
 
−
잦잦다 be frequent
 
−
 
 
−
재재활용 recycling, recycle; 재 ash (담뱃재, 화산재); talent, skill; again, re-, exist [在]
 
−
 
 
−
쟁argue, debate, strive, vie [爭zhēng]; 쟁기 plow (farming); gong; zither
 
−
 
 
−
쟈
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===저===
 
−
 
 
−
저녁 evening; dinner 저리다 sore, pain, numb, ache, asleep; 저쪽 that side, over there;저자 writer, author [著 zhe]; low; bottom; we, our, us; they, their, them
 
−
 
 
−
적적신호 red light, warning/danger signal적다write down, note (down), enter; 적다 few, small; [敵 dí]; red;
 
−
 
 
−
전Korean pancakeexpert [專 zhuān]; fight, battle [ 戰zhān]
 
−
 
 
−
절festival, season [節]; clause, paragraph, verse [節]; cut, slice [切 qiē]; (deep) bow; (Buddhist) temple
 
−
 
 
−
젊젊다 young, youthful
 
−
 
 
−
점point, spot; store
 
−
 
 
−
접접다 fold, furl; receive, welcome, answer, join [接 jiē]접시 dish, saucer, plate
 
−
 
 
−
젓젓가각 chopstick
 
−
 
 
−
정well [井]; stop; correct; order (e.g., 정리 arrange); 정~ decide 定; feeling, affection; really, truly; cold chisel
 
−
 
 
−
젖 breast, bosom, breast milk, (젖통) udder
 
−
 
 
−
제제비a swallow (bird);
 
−
 
 
−
제하다 divide, exclude, subtract, deduce; 제 make, manufacture, system [製 zhì]; eliminate, get rid of [除chú]; carry, propose, raise, offer, provide, [提tí]; junior (f.); subject; aid, help, relief [濟 jì]; 제트 a jet; 제발;
 
−
 
 
−
젤gel
 
−
 
 
−
졔
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===조===
 
−
 
 
−
조개 clam; 조깅 jogging; make, build [造 zào]; assist; clause 調 [diào: melody, accent, tone], e.g., 강조 emphasis, stress, highlight
 
−
 
 
−
족 foot
 
−
 
 
−
존John; honor
 
−
 
 
−
졸졸다 doze off; 졸리다 sleepy;
 
−
 
 
−
좁좁다 narrow, small
 
−
 
 
−
종마늘종 garlic shoots/stem; 종 seed; kind; 종이 paper
 
−
 
 
−
좆vulg., <span style=="color:#999999;"><nowiki>==자지</nowiki></span> φαλλος
 
−
 
 
−
좌left; seat
 
−
 
 
−
좨
 
−
 
 
−
죄crime, sin, guilt
 
−
 
 
−
죠
 
  
 +
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 조 || 조개 clam; 조깅 jogging; make, build (造 zào); assist; clause 調 (diào: melody, accent, tone), e.g., 강조 emphasis, stress, highlight
 +
|-
 +
|족 || foot
 +
|-
 +
|존 || 존귀 nobility; 존John
 +
|-
 +
|졸 || 졸다 doze off; 졸리다 sleepy;
 +
|-
 +
| 좁 || 좁다 narrow, small
 +
|-
 +
| 종 || 마늘종 garlic shoots/stem; 종 seed; kind; 종이 paper
 +
|-
 +
|좆 || vulg., =자지 φαλλος
 +
|-
 +
|좌 || left; seat
 +
|-
 +
|좨 || -
 +
|-
 +
|죄 || crime, sin, guilt
 +
|-
 +
|죠 || -
 
   
 
   
 +
|}
  
−
===주===
 
  
−
주먹 fist 주머니 pocket
 
  
−
죽rice porridge; 죽순 bamboo shoots;
+
; 주:
−
 
 
−
준prepare [準 zhǔn]; 준 accurate, standard; definitely, certainly; about-to-be, quasi; given;
 
−
 
 
−
줄string, line, queue;  
 
  
 +
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 주 || 주먹 fist; 주머니 pocket; 주방 dining room
 +
|-
 +
| 죽 || rice porridge; 죽순 bamboo shoots;
 +
|-
 +
|준 || prepare (準 zhǔn); 준 accurate, standard; definitely, certainly; about-to-be, quasi; given;
 +
|-
 +
| 줄 || string, line, queue; <br>
 
줄기 stem, stalk (plant), cane; stream, tributary, beam, ray 줄다 decrease, diminish; 줄리다 reduce  
 
줄기 stem, stalk (plant), cane; stream, tributary, beam, ray 줄다 decrease, diminish; 줄리다 reduce  
 +
|-
 +
|중 || middle; weight
 +
|-
 +
|줘 || -
 +
|-
 +
|쥐 || mouse, rat; 다람쥐 squirrel; 쥐다 grasp, grab, hold, take hold of, grip
 +
|-
 +
|쥬 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
−
중middle; weight
 
  
−
줘
 
  
−
쥐mouse, rat; 다람쥐 squirrel; 쥐다 grasp, grab, hold, take hold of, grip
+
; 즈:
  
−
쥬
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 즈 || 즈음 about the time (when)
 +
|-
 +
|즉 || promptly, quick (即jí); 즉시, 즉각 immediately; 즉 namely, that is, i.e.; just, exactly;
 +
|-
 +
|즐 || 즐기다 enjoy, pleasure, have fun; comb, comb teeth, row (櫛 zhì)
 +
|-
 +
|증 || testify, evidence 증가다 be exhausted, tired
 +
 +
|}
  
  
−
===즈===
 
  
−
즈음 about the time (when)
+
; 지:
  
−
즉promptly, quick [即jí]; 즉시, 즉각 immediately; 즉 namely, that is, i.e.; just, exactly;
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 지 || 지네 centipede; 지팡이 (walking) stick, cane; <br>지 finger; branch; earth; paper; 지다 become; lose, be defeated; 지르다 shout, yell 지우다 delete, remove, erase
 +
|-
 +
| 직 || 직박구리 bulbul (bird); 직원 clerk
 +
|-
 +
|진 || 진달래 azalea; 진 advance; e.g., 진화 evolution (bio.); 진하다 strong (flavor), dark, deep, thick, heavy;
 +
|-
 +
| 질 || 질문 question; 질 quality, nature, disposition; pudenda [vulgar]; 질소 nitrogen
 +
|-
 +
|짐 || luggage, baggage, load, cargo, freight; burden, nuisance
 +
|-
 +
|집 || house; 집다 gather, collect; grasp, pick up
 +
|-
 +
|짓 || 짓다 cook; make, build; make up, fabricate; form; write, compose; to name;
 +
|-
 +
| 징 || punish, reprimand, warn (懲 chéng); characteristic, symptom, phenomenon; request, impose (徵 zhēng)
 +
|-
 +
| 짙 || 짙다 deep, dark, thick, heavy, dense, strong (e.g., texture, odor, expression)
  
−
즐즐기다 enjoy, pleasure, have fun; comb, comb teeth, row [櫛 zhì]
+
|}
  
−
증testify, evidence 증가다 be exhausted, tired
+
== ㅉ ==
 +
쌍지읒
  
  
−
===지===
+
; 짜:
  
−
지네 centipede;  
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 짜 || 짜장면; 짜증 annoyance, irritation; 짜다 weave, knit, put zs.; squeeze, wring out, press; 짜다 salty; stingy, cheap;
 +
|-
 +
| 짠 || salty, e.g., 짠물 saltwater
 +
|-
 +
|짝 || 짝수 even number; pair; mate, spouse; 짝꿍 best friend; 뽕짝 trot music, 트로트; 반짝거리다 twinkle
 +
|-
 +
|짧 || 짧다 short; lacking, brief, insufficient, poor; abbreviated (length, duration)
 +
|-
 +
|짱 || 짱(아)! great!; 베짱이 katydid
 +
|-
 +
|째 || -째 ordinal numerals, x<sup>th</sup> 째다 cut into, lance, incise; 째다 tight, too small, pinch; insufficient, in need of
 +
|-
 +
|쨍 || 쨍쨍 sound symbolism: bright sun
 +
|-
 +
|쨍 || 쨍그랑 clink (onom., e.g., glass)
 +
|-
 +
|쨔 || -
 +
|-
 +
|쨰 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
−
지 finger; branch; earth; paper; 지다 become; lose, be defeated지르다 shout, yell 지우다 delete, remove, erase
 
  
−
직직박구리 bulbul (bird); 직- job, employment; straight, direct
 
  
−
진진달래 azaleaadvance; e.g., 진화 evolution (bio.) 진하다 strong (flavor), dark, deep, thick, heavy;  
+
; 쩌:
  
−
질질문 question; 질 quality, nature, disposition; pudenda; 질소 nitrogen
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 쩌 || 쩌쩌 tsk, tsk (?); 쩌렁쩌렁하다 loud, resonating, blaring, shrill
 +
|-
 +
|쩝 || 쩝쩝 onom.: smacking lips
 +
|-
 +
|쩡 || 쩡쩡 snap, crackling
 +
|-
 +
|쩨 || 쩨쩨하다 small-minded, petty, narrow-minded, cheap, stingy
 +
|-
 +
|쪄 || 쪄> 찌다 fatten
 +
|-
 +
|쪠 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
−
짐luggage, baggage, load, cargo, freight; burden, nuisance
 
  
−
집house; 집다 gather, collect; grasp, pick up
 
  
−
짓짓다 cook; make, build; make up, fabricate; form; write, compose; to name;  
+
; 쪼:
  
−
징punish, reprimand, warn [懲 chéng];characteristic, symptom, phenomenon; request, impose [徵 zhēng]
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 쪼 || 쪼다 peck (at), chisel
 +
|-
 +
|쪽 || 쪽 side; 쪽지 note, message, slip of paper
 +
|-
 +
|쫑 || 마늘쫑 garlic stems
 +
|-
 +
|쫓 || 쫓다 pursue, chase, run after, trail, track,drive sb/st out/away
 +
|-
 +
|쫘 || -
 +
|-
 +
|쫴 || -
 +
|-
 +
|쬐 || 쬐다 shine on/over, warm oneself, bask
 +
|-
 +
|쬬 || 쬬스(떡볶이)
  
−
짙짙다 deep, dark, thick, heavy, dense, strong (e.g., texture, odor, expression)
+
|}
  
  
  
 +
; 쭈:
  
−
==  ㅉ ==
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 쭈 || 쭈꾸미 webfoot octopus, short arm octopus; 쭈그리다 crouch, squat (down)
 +
|-
 +
|쭉 || straight, directly; 철쭉 (wild) azalea
 +
|-
 +
|쭤 || -
 +
|-
 +
|쮀 || -
 +
|-
 +
|쮜 || -
 +
|-
 +
|쮸 || -
 +
   
 +
|}
  
−
===짜===
 
  
−
짜다 weave, knit, put zs.; squeeze, wring out, press; 짜다 salty; stingy, cheap; 짜장; 짜증 irritation (at/with), annoyance
 
  
−
짠salty, e.g., 짠물 saltwater
+
; 쯔:
  
−
짝pair; mate, spouse; 짝수 even number뽕짝 trot music, 트로트 반짝거리다 twinkle
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|쯤 || about, around, approx. (numerals)
 +
|-
 +
|쯰 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
−
짧짧다 short; lacking, brief, insufficient, poor; abbreviated (length, duration)
 
  
−
짱짱(아)! great!<nowiki>; 베짱이 katydid </nowiki>
 
  
−
째-째 ordinal numerals, x<sup>th</sup> 째다 cut into, lance, incise; 째다 tight, too small, pinch; insufficient, in need of
+
; 찌:
  
−
쨍쨍쨍 sound symbolism: bright sun
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 찌 || 찌래 stew; 찌다 gain weight, grow, fatten 찌다 be hot, to steam; 찌개찌르다 pierce, stab, prick, prod, poke; nudge; stick (hand into pocket)
 +
|-
 +
|찍 || 찍다 print, stamp, imprint; cut down; chop, hack; thrust, pierce, spear; take photo
 +
|-
 +
|찐 || 찐빵 steamed bun
 +
|-
 +
|찜 || steamed dish
 +
|-
 +
|찔 || 찔 > 찌르다
 +
|-
 +
|찡 || -
 +
|-
 +
|찢 || 찢다 tear, rip, split
 +
|-
 +
|찧 || 찧다 pound, hull (grains)|-
 +
 +
|}
  
−
쨍그랑 clink [onom., e.g., glass]
+
== ㅊ ==
 +
치읓
  
−
쨔
 
  
−
쨰
+
; 차:
  
 +
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 차 || car; tea; difference, disparity 차다 cold, chilly
 +
|-
 +
|착 || 착하다 good-natured, nice, good착잡~ mixed, uneasy, complicated
 +
|-
 +
| 착 || mistake(n), confused
 +
|-
 +
|찬 || food, dishes (반찬); praise찬란~ brilliant, splendid; radiant, resplendent
 +
|-
 +
| 찮 || 하찮다 trivial, trifling, petty, unimportant
 +
|-
 +
|찰 || sticky; observe (察 chá)
 +
|-
 +
|참 || 참새 sparrow; 참나무 oak; 참외; 참 participate, attend; 참 really, truly, indeed 참다 be patient, endure, bear, restrain o.s.
 +
|-
 +
| 찻 || 찻잔 teacup
 +
|-
 +
|창 || window; sing
 +
|-
 +
|찾 || 찾다 search, find
  
−
===쩌===
+
채 || vegetable; select, pick, collect, choose, gather (採 cǎi); 채 racket, stick, club; 파리채 flyswatter채우다 fill; 채다 snatch away, run away w.
 +
|-
 +
|책 || book; plan
 +
|-
 +
|챙 || 챙기다 take, pack; take care of (s.o.) visor, brim (hat); 챙기다 pack (up), take care of/for, look after (s.t./s.o.)
 +
|-
 +
|챠 || -
 +
|-
 +
|챼 || -
 +
 +
|}
  
−
쩌쩌 tsk, tsk [?]
 
  
−
쩝쩝쩝 onom.: smacking lips
 
  
−
쩡쩡쩡 snap, crackling
+
; 처:
  
−
쩨쩨쩨하다 small-minded, petty, narrow-minded, cheap, stingy
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 처 || 처방 prescription, prescribe (處方); 처가 wife's parents, in-laws (妻家); 처 place, office; 처칠 Churchill; 처가 wife’s family’s home
 +
|-
 +
|척 || spine (척추), back, ridge; closely, tightly; pretend
 +
|-
 +
|천 || thousand; heaven, sky; cloth; 1000; 천동 thunder; 천장 ceiling
 +
|-
 +
|철 || temple; iron, steel; wisdom, judgment; season; remove; 철쭉 (wild) azalea
 +
|-
 +
|첨 || 첨성대 (historical observatory in Gyeongju); add, increase (添 tiān"); 첨도 (尖度) kurtosis
 +
|-
 +
|첫 || the first, new; 첫자 first bus/train
 +
|-
 +
| 청 || 청바지 blue jeans; 청소 clearning; 계청; 청동 bronze; 청어 herring; 청 request; listen (聽tīng); membrane, film; govt. office; clean;
 +
|-
 +
| 체 || 체리 cherry; 체 strainer, sieve, sifter; body; “face” 체면 體面
 +
|-
 +
|첼 || 첼로 cello
 +
|-
 +
| 쳐 || 쳐다보다 gaze, stare, look in direction of; <br> > 치다 hit; consider, count; set up; put in; remove
 +
|-
 +
|쳬 || -
  
−
쪄> 찌다 fatten
+
|}
  
−
쪠
 
  
  
−
===쪼
+
; 초:
  
−
쪼다 peck (at), chisel
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 초 || vinegar; grass (草); 초록(색) (草綠); second; candle; 초콜릿 chocolate
 +
|-
 +
| 촉 || 촉각 (sense of) touch
 +
|-
 +
|촌 || village
 +
|-
 +
촛 || 촛불 candlelight, candle flame 
 +
|총 || gun (銃chòng); all, general
 +
|-
 +
|촤
 +
|-
 +
|촬 || gather, little pit; filming, e.g., 촬영
 +
|-
 +
|쵀
 +
|-
 +
|최 || most, ultra; hurry, press, urge, hasten, expedite (催 cuī) 취고 highest
 +
|-
 +
|쵸 || -
  
−
쪽쪽 side쪽지 note, message, slip of paper
+
|}
  
−
쫑마늘쫑 garlic stems
 
  
−
쫓쫓다 pursue, chase, run after, trail, track,drive sb/st out/away
 
  
−
쫘
+
; 추:
  
−
쫴
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 추 || 고추 chili pepper; 추어 mudfish;
 +
|-
 +
|추 || 추다 dance; autumn; ugly; 추석 Chuseok; 추가 addition, addendum;
 +
|-
 +
|축 || congratulate, celebrate
 +
|-
 +
|춘 || springtime (春)
 +
|-
 +
|충 || insect; full, enough (곤충)
 +
|-
 +
|출 || departure
 +
|-
 +
| 춤 || dancing
 +
|-
 +
|춰 || -
 +
|-
 +
|췌 || -
 +
|-
 +
|취 || 취나물 (ligularia?); 취소~ cancel, postpone; 취 ~ intoxicated, drunk;
 +
|-
 +
|츄 || -
  
−
쬐쬐다 shine on/over, warm oneself, bask
+
|}
  
−
쬬쬬스(떡볶이)
 
  
  
−
===쭈===
+
; 츠:
  
−
쭈꾸미 webfoot octopus, short arm octopus; 쭈그리다 crouch, squat (down)  
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 츠 || 티셔츠 T-shirt
 +
|-
 +
| 측 || side; to lean; survey, measure (測 cè)
 +
|-
 +
| 층 || story, floor; layer, class, stratum
 +
|-
 +
| 츼 || -
  
−
쭉straight, directly;철쭉 (wild) azalea
+
|}
  
−
쭤
 
  
−
쮀
 
  
−
쮜
+
; 치:
  
−
쮸
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 치 || 치타 cheetah; 치자 gardenia seeds; 치다 hit, attack; 치마 skirt; 치 tooth;
 +
|-
 +
| 칙 || rule, law, grade, oblique (則 zé)
 +
|-
 +
| 친 || 친~ close (to); 친구 friend
 +
|-
 +
| 칠 || seven; 칠판 blackboard
 +
|-
 +
| 침 || saliva; acupuncture needle (침 맞다); 침팬지 chimpanzee
  
 +
|}
  
−
===쯔===
 
  
−
쯤about, around, approx. (numerals)
 
  
−
쯰
+
==Cf. ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅉ ==
 +
Three-way comparison of key syllables.
  
  
−
===찌===
+
{| class="glossary" class="wikitable"
−
 
+
!ㅈ !! ㅊ !! ㅉ
−
찌다 gain weight, grow, fatten 찌다 be hot, to steam; 찌개찌르다 pierce, stab, prick, prod, poke; nudge; stick (hand into pocket)
+
|-  
−
 
+
|| 자몽 grapefruit || 차 car; tea || 짜다 salty; squeeze, wring out, press; 짜장면; 짜증 annoyance, irritation
−
찍찍다 print, stamp, imprint; cut down,
+
|-  
−
 
+
|| 작가 writer; 작성하다 to draft; 작약 peony; 작다 small || 착 good || 짝수 even number (짝 = pair, mate)
−
chop, hack; thrust, pierce, spear; take photo
+
|-  
−
 
+
|| 잔 cup || 찬 food (반찬); praise || 짠물 saltwater
−
찐찐빵 steamed bun
+
|-
−
 
+
|| 잠 sleep; 잠그다 to lock || 참새 sparrow || 짬뽕 jjambong soup  
−
찜steamed dish
+
|-
−
 
+
|| 장어 eel; soy sauce 간장 || 창문 window; sing || 짱 best, super, very  
−
찔 > 찌르다
+
|-
−
 
+
|| 재 ash (담뱃재, 화산재); 재활용 recycling  || 채 vegetable; 파리채 flyswatter || 째다 cut, lance, incise  
−
찡
+
|-
−
 
+
|| 저녁 dinner || 처방 prescription; 처가 wife's parents, in-laws (妻家) || -
−
찢찢다 tear, rip, split
+
|-  
−
 
+
|| 전 pancake || 천 thousand, ₩1000; sky, heaven; || -
−
찧찧다 pound, hull (grains)
+
|-  
−
 
+
|| 정 a well; 정자 pavilion; || 청바지 blue jeans || -
−
 
+
|-  
−
 
+
|| 제비 a swallow (bird); || 체리 cherry; 체 strainer || -
−
==  ㅊ ==
+
|-  
−
 
+
|| 조개 clam || 초 candle; vinegar; grass; 초록색 green, verdant || -
−
===차===
+
|-  
−
 
+
|| 종 (종소리) bell || 총 gun, e.g., 물총 || 마늘쫑 garlic stems / shoots
−
차 car; tea; difference, disparity 차다 cold, chilly
+
|-  
−
 
+
|| 존귀 nobility; 존 John; zone; 존경 respect, admiration || 촌 village || -
−
착착하다 good-natured, nice, good착잡~ mixed, uneasy, complicated
+
|-  
−
 
+
|| 죄 crime, guilt, sin || 최 most || -
−
착 mistake(n), confused
+
|-  
−
 
+
|| 주먹 fist  || 추: 고추; 추다 dance; 추석 || 쭈꾸미 small octopus
−
찬food, dishes (반찬)<nowiki>; praise</nowiki>찬란~ brilliant, splendid; radiant, resplendent
+
|-  
−
 
+
|| 쥐 mouse, rat || 취나물 ligularia; 취~ drunk || -
−
찮하찮다 trivial, trifling, petty, unimportant
+
|-  
−
 
+
|| 지네 centipede || 치타 cheetah || 찌개 stew
−
찰sticky; observe [察 chá]
 
−
 
 
−
참참새 sparrow; 참나무 oak; 참외; 참 participate, attend; 참 really, truly, indeed 참다 be patient, endure, bear, restrain o.s.
 
−
 
 
−
창window; sing
 
−
 
 
−
찾찾다 search, find
 
−
 
 
−
채vegetable; select, pick, collect, choose, gather [採 cǎi]; 채 racket, stick, club; 파리채 flyswatter채우다 fill; 채다 snatch away, run away w.
 
−
 
 
−
책book; plan
 
−
 
 
−
챙챙기다 take, pack; take care of (s.o.) visor, brim (hat); 챙기다 pack (up), take care of/for, look after (s.t./s.o.)
 
−
 
 
−
챠
 
−
 
 
−
챼
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===처===
 
−
 
 
−
처 place, office; 처칠 Churchill; 처가 wife’s family’s home
 
−
 
 
−
척spine (척추), back, ridge; closely, tightly; pretend
 
−
 
 
−
천thousand; heaven, sky; 1000; 천동 thunder;
 
−
 
 
−
철temple; iron, steel; wisdom, judgment; season; remove; 철쭉 (wild) azalea
 
−
 
 
−
첨add, increase [添tiān<span style=="color:#000099;">] </span>
 
−
 
 
−
첫the first, new; 첫자 first bus/train
 
−
 
 
−
청청바지 blue jeans;
 
−
 
 
−
청계청; 청동 bronze; 청어 herring; 청 request; listen [聽tīng]; membrane, film; govt. office; clean;
 
−
 
 
−
체체리 cherry; 체 strainer, sieve, sifter; body; “face” 체면 體面
 
−
 
 
−
첼 첼로 cello
 
−
 
 
−
쳐쳐다보다 gaze, stare, look in direction of;
 
−
 
 
−
> 치다 hit; consider, count; set up; put in; remove
 
−
 
 
−
쳬
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===초===vinegar; grass [草]; 초록(색) [草綠]; second; candle; 초콜릿 chocolate
 
−
 
 
−
촌village
 
−
 
 
−
총 gun [銃chòng]; all, general
 
−
 
 
−
촤
 
−
 
 
−
촬gather, little pit; filming, e.g., 촬영
 
−
 
 
−
쵀
 
−
 
 
−
최most, ultra; hurry, press, urge, hasten, expedite [催 cuī] 취고 highest
 
−
 
 
−
쵸
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===추===
 
−
 
 
−
고추 chili pepper; 추어 mudfish;
 
−
 
 
−
추다 dance; autumn; ugly; 추석 Chuseok; 추가 addition, addendum;
 
−
 
 
−
축congratulate, celebrate
 
−
 
 
−
춘springtime [春]
 
−
 
 
−
충insect; full, enough [곤충]
 
−
 
 
−
출departure
 
−
 
 
−
춤dancing
 
−
 
 
−
춰
 
−
 
 
−
췌
 
−
 
 
−
취취나물 (ligularia?); 취소~ cancel, postpone;취 ~ intoxicated, drunk;
 
−
 
 
−
츄
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===츠===
 
−
 
 
−
티셔츠 T-shirt
 
−
 
 
−
측side; to lean; survey, measure [測 cè]
 
−
 
 
−
층story, floor; layer, class, stratum
 
−
 
 
−
츼
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===치===
 
−
 
 
−
치타 cheetah; 치자 gardenia seeds;치다 hit, attack; 치마 skirt; 치 tooth;
 
−
 
 
−
칙rule, law, grade, oblique [則 zé]
 
−
 
 
−
친친~ close (to); 친구 friend
 
−
 
 
−
칠seven
 
−
 
 
−
침saliva; acupuncture needle (침 맞다); 침팬지 chimpanzee
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
==  Cf. ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅉ ==
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
{| style=="border-spacing:0;width:169.95mm;"
 
−
|- style=="border:none;padding:1.01mm;"
 
−
|| 자몽 grapefruit  
 
−
|| 차 car; tea  
 
−
|| 짜다 salty; squeeze, wring out, press  
 
−
|- style=="border:none;padding:1.01mm;"
 
−
|| 작가 writer; 작다 small  
 
−
|| 착 good  
 
−
||  
 
−
|- style=="border:none;padding:1.01mm;"
 
−
|| 잔 cup  
 
−
|| 찬 food (반찬); praise  
 
−
|| 짠물 saltwater  
 
−
|- style=="border:none;padding:1.01mm;"
 
−
|| 잠 sleep; 잠그다 to lock  
 
−
|| 참새 sparrow  
 
−
|| 짬뽕 jjambong soup  
 
−
|- style=="border:none;padding:1.01mm;"
 
−
|| 장어 eel; soy sauce 간장
 
−
|| 창문 window; sing  
 
−
|| 짱 best, super, very  
 
−
|- style=="border:none;padding:1.01mm;"
 
−
|| 재 ash (담뱃재, 화산재); talent, skill
 
−
|| 채 vegetable; 파리채 flyswatter  
 
−
|| 째다 cut, lance, incise
 
−
|- style=="border:none;padding:1.01mm;"
 
−
|| 저녁 dinner  
 
−
|| 처방 prescription  
 
−
||  
 
−
|- style=="border:none;padding:1.01mm;"
 
−
|| 전 pancake  
 
−
|| 천 thousand, ₩1000; sky, heaven;  
 
−
||  
 
−
|- style=="border:none;padding:1.01mm;"
 
−
|| 정 a well; 정자 pavilion;  
 
−
|| 청바지 blue jeans  
 
−
||  
 
−
|- style=="border:none;padding:1.01mm;"
 
−
|| 제비a swallow;  
 
−
|| 체리 cherry; 체 strainer
 
−
||  
 
−
|- style=="border:none;padding:1.01mm;"
 
−
|| 조개 clam  
 
−
|| 초 candle; vinegar; grass;초록색 green, verdant  
 
−
||  
 
−
|- style=="border:none;padding:1.01mm;"
 
−
|| 종 (종소리) bell
 
−
|| 총 gun, e.g., 물총  
 
−
||  
 
−
|- style=="border:none;padding:1.01mm;"
 
−
|| 존 John; zone; 존경 respect, admiration  
 
−
|| 촌 village  
 
−
||  
 
−
|- style=="border:none;padding:1.01mm;"
 
−
|| 죄 crime, guilt, sin  
 
−
|| 최 most  
 
−
||  
 
−
|- style=="border:none;padding:1.01mm;"
 
−
|| 주 liquor
 
−
|| 추: 고추; 추다 dance; 추석  
 
−
||  
 
−
|- style=="border:none;padding:1.01mm;"
 
−
|| 쥐 mouse, rat  
 
−
|| 취나물 ligularia; 취~ drunk  
 
−
||  
 
−
|- style=="border:none;padding:1.01mm;"
 
−
|| 지네 centipede
 
−
|| 치타 cheetah  
 
−
|| 찌다 gain weight, fatten
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
Line 2,311: Line 2,785:
  
  
 +
==ㅋ ==
 +
키읔
  
  
 +
; 카:
  
 +
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 카 || 카메라 camera; 카누 canoe; 카레 curry
 +
|-
 +
|칸 || room, chamber, partition, train car
 +
|-
 +
|칼 || knife
 +
|-
 +
| 캄 || 캄캄하다 very dark, pitch-black; 캄보디아 Cambodia
 +
|-
 +
|캐 || 캐나다 Canada캐다 dig into/up, unearth; probe, pry, inquire (pej.)
 +
|-
 +
|캥 || 캥거루 kangaroo
 +
|-
 +
|캬 || -
 +
|-
 +
|컈 || -
  
 +
|}
  
−
==  ㅋ ==
 
  
−
===카===
 
  
−
카레 curry
+
; 커:
  
−
칸 room, chamber, partition, train car
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 커 || 커피 coffee; 커닝 cheating; > 크다; 커브 (road) curve) 시커멓다 jet black
 +
|-
 +
] 컨 || 컨테이너 (shipping) container
 +
|-
 +
|컴 || 컴퓨타
 +
|-
 +
|컵 || cup; 컵케이크 cupcake 
 +
|-
 +
|컷 || (hair)cut; illustration, artwork; -컷animal gender
 +
|-
 +
|케 || -
 +
|-
 +
|켜 || 켜다 switch, turn on
 +
|-
 +
|켸 || -
  
−
칼knife
+
|}
  
−
캄캄캄하다 very dark, pitch-black캄보디아 Cambodia
 
  
−
캐캐나다 Canada캐다 dig into/up, unearth; probe, pry, inquire (pej.)
 
  
−
캬
+
; 코:
  
−
컈
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 코 || nose; 코끼리 elephant
 +
|-
 +
| 콘 || 콘센트 power outlet; 콘도르 condor, vulture
 +
|-
 +
| 콕 || prick, poke, sting (콕+찌르다, 쏘다, 쪼다)
 +
|-
 +
|콤 || -ish (esp. flavor)
 +
|-
 +
|콧 || 코-, e.g., 콧구멍 a nostril
 +
|-
 +
|콩 || soybean; 콩나물 bean sprouts
 +
|-
 +
|콰
 +
|-
 +
|콱 || roughly, violently, strongly
 +
|-
 +
| 쾅 || bang, thump
 +
|-
 +
|쾌 || pleasant, refreshing (快), e.g., 상쾌~ fresh, refreshing
 +
|-
 +
|쾨 || -
 +
|-
 +
|쿄 || -
  
 +
|}
  
−
===커===
 
  
−
커피 coffee; 커닝 cheating; > 크다; 커브 (road) curve) 시커멓다 jet black
 
  
−
컴 컴퓨타
+
; 쿠:
  
−
컵cup
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 쿠 || 쿠키 cookie
 +
|-
 +
|쿼 || -
 +
|-
 +
|퀘 || -
 +
|-
 +
|퀴 || 퀴즈 quiz
 +
|-
 +
|큐 || -
  
−
컷(hair)cut; illustration, artwork; -컷animal gender
+
|}
  
−
케
 
  
−
켜켜다 switch, turn on
 
  
−
켸
+
; 크:
  
−
===코===nose; 코끼리 elephant
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 크 || 크레용 crayon; 크레파스 (pastel) crayon; 크다 large, grow; 크기 size, volume
 +
|-
 +
|큰 || big
 +
|-
 +
|킈 ||
  
−
콘콘도르 condor, vulture
+
|}
  
−
콕prick, poke, sting (콕+찌르다, 쏘다, 쪼다)
 
  
−
콤 -ish (esp. flavor)
 
  
−
콧코-, e.g., 콧구멍 a nostril
+
; 키:
  
−
콩soybean; 콩나물 bean sprouts
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 키 || key; rudder, helm, steering; (one’s) height 키우다 raise, rear, bread (동물, 식물, 人)
  
−
콰
+
|}
  
−
콱 roughly, violently, strongly
+
== ㅌ ==
 +
티읕
  
−
쾌pleasant, refreshing [快], e.g., 상쾌~ fresh, refreshing
 
  
−
쾨
+
; 타:
  
−
쿄
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 타 || 타조 ostrich
 +
|-
 +
| 탁 || 탁자 table; 탁구 table tennis, ping pong
 +
|-
 +
| 탄 || 탄 coal, briqueete; 탄소 carbon; bullet, spring; coal; be born
 +
|-
 +
|탈 || escape, take off (脫 tuō)
 +
|-
 +
|탉 || 수탉 rooster, 암탉 hen
 +
|-
 +
|탐 || search, spy (探 tàn)
 +
|-
 +
|탓 || 탓 reason, fault, blame; 은/는 탓에 due to (adversative)
 +
|-
 +
|탕 || soup, hot water
 +
|-
 +
| 태 || 태블릿 tablet (mobile device); 태몽 pregnancy dream; 태 great(est), large;  태우다 give a ride; burn
 +
|-
 +
|택 || taxi (택시); 택~ choose, select, pick (out), option, alternative (擇 zé); residence (宅 zhái), 택배
 +
|-
 +
|탯 || 태-, e.g., 탯줄 umbilical cord
 +
|-
 +
|탸 || -
 +
|-
 +
|턔 || -
  
 +
|}
  
−
===쿠===
 
  
−
쿠키 cookie
 
  
−
쿼
+
; 터:
  
−
퀘
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 터 || site, place (e.g., 빵굼티); (...할) 터이다 intention, intend, expect; 터지다 explode; break out
 +
|-
 +
|턱 || chin; 턱수염 beard 
 +
|-
 +
|털 || wool, fur, body hair;  깃털 feather; 털다 dust, brush (off/down) (e.g., furniture); empty; rob, steal, burglarize
 +
|-
 +
|텃 || 텃밭 family / veg. garden
 +
|-
 +
|테 || 테니스 tennis
 +
|-
 +
| 텐 || 텐트 tent; 텐데(요) should (conjecture, expectation)
 +
|-
 +
| 텔 || 텔레비전
 +
|-
 +
|텨 || -
 +
|-
 +
|톄 || -
  
−
퀴
+
|}
  
−
큐
 
  
  
−
===크===
+
; 토:
  
−
크다 large, grow; 크기 size, volume
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 토 || 토마토 tomato; 토끼 rabbit; 토 soil, land; discuss; 토하다 vomit
 +
|-
 +
|톱 || saw
 +
|-
 +
|통 || can, box, tub, tube; 통~ go thru, circulate, communicate, conduct (通); -통해 via, thru; 통 pain, intense; whole, bulk
 +
|-
 +
|톼 || -
 +
|-
 +
|퇘 || -
 +
|-
 +
|퇴 || retreat, leave (退 tuì)
 +
|-
 +
|툐 || -
  
−
큰big
+
|}
  
−
킈
 
  
  
−
===키===key; rudder, helm, steering; (one’s) height 키우다 raise, rear, bread (동물, 식물, 人)
+
; 투:
  
 +
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 투 || 외투 overcoat; 투표 ballot, vote; 사  <br> fight, struggle, condemn, contend, put together (鬥, 鬪, 斗 dòu); throw, send, invest (投 tóu); cover, wrap; penetrate, thru, appear (透 tòu) →
 +
|-
 +
| 불 || 투명~ opaque; uncertain, unclear, ambiguous
 +
|-
 +
|퉈 || -
 +
|-
 +
|퉤 || -
 +
|-
 +
|튀 || 튀다 spatter, splash, splatter; bounce; 튀기다 fry, pop; 튀김
 +
|-
 +
|튜 || -
  
 +
|}
  
−
==  ㅌ ==
 
  
−
===타===
 
  
−
타자 (기) typing (typewriter); 타다 ride, board, take; burn, blaze, be on fire; be sensitive to; mix (up), add; split others [他]; hit
+
; 트:
  
−
탁탁자 table;  
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 트 ||  트림하다 burp, belch; 트루트 trot music  트다 bud, sprout, germinate; be/get chapped; dawn; open, meet (kennen­-lernen)
 +
|-
 +
| 튼 || 튼튼하다 strong, sturdy
 +
|-
 +
|특 || special
 +
|-
 +
|튼 || chapped, e.g., 튼손
 +
|-
 +
| 틀 || 틀다 twist, turn; 틀리다 be mistaken, wrong, incorrect, error; 틀림 mistake, error, fault, discrepancy틀림없다 sure, certainframe, pattern, mold; shape, outline
 +
|-
 +
|틈 || a crack, gap, break, crevice; (spare) time; chance, opportunity
 +
|-
 +
|틔 || -
  
−
탄탄 coal, briqueete; 탄소 carbon; bullet, spring; coal; be born
+
|}
  
−
탈escape, take off [脫 tuō]
 
  
−
탉수탉 rooster, 암탉 hen
 
  
−
탐search, spy [探 tàn]
+
; 티:
  
−
탓탓 reason, fault, blame; 은/는 탓에 due to (adversative)
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 티 || 티셔츠 T-shirt; particle, (speck of) dust, dirt; flaw, defect
  
−
탕soup, hot water
+
|}
  
−
태태몽 pregnancy dream; 태 great(est), large; attitude; pregnant태우다 give a ride; burn
+
==ㅍ ==
 +
피읖
  
−
택taxi [택시]; 택~ choose, select, pick (out), option, alternative [擇 zé]; residence [宅 zhái], 택배
 
  
−
탯태-, e.g., 탯줄 umbilical cord
+
; 파:
  
−
탸
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 파 || green onion; 파리 fly; 파란 blue/greento break; a wave; branch 파다 dig, excavate, burrow; carve
 +
|-
 +
|판 || 판다 panda; 판 board, plank (판자); printing; sell; judge; (k) place, situation
 +
|-
 +
|팔 || arm; eight; 팔다 sell
 +
|-
 +
|팥 || (dry farm) field; 豆沙
 +
|-
 +
|패 || 실패 spool (of thread); 패션 fashion, style, look; 패다 break (wood) to pieces, chop, split, beat; be dug or hollowed out 패하다 lose, be defeated
 +
|-
 +
|팩 || 팩스 fax
 +
|-
 +
|팽 || 팽이 top (spinning toy); 
 +
|-
 +
|퍄 || -
 +
|-
 +
|퍠 || -
  
−
턔
+
|}
  
  
−
===터===site, place [e.g., 빵굼티];(...할) 터이다 intention, intend, expect;터지다 explode; break out
 
  
−
턱chin
+
; 퍼:
  
−
털wool, fur, hair 털다 dust, brush (off/down) (e.g., furniture); empty; rob, steal, burglarize
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 퍼 || 퍼센트 percent; 퍼지다 spread out, widen, broaden, propagate, prevail, multiply (abstract, non-tangible things, e.g., rumor, smell)
 +
|-
 +
| 펭 || 펭귄 penguin
 +
|-
 +
|펴 || 펴다 unfold, spread, lay out, open, straighten, press, smooth (out) (e.g., paper, wrinkles), stretch (out), extend
 +
|-
 +
| 편 || 편지 letter; slice, piece, mail (片); side; means; 편~ convenient, comfortable, relaxed;
 +
|-
 +
|펼 || 펼치다 open, unfold, stretch out, spread (e.g., wings) 펼쳐지다 spread, be held, lie open
 +
|-
 +
|평 || flat, even; peaceful, ordinary; critique, assess(ment), evaluation, criticism
 +
|-
 +
|폐 || lung; to close, closed; abolish(ed);
  
−
텃텃밭 family / veg. garden
+
|}
  
−
테테니스 tennis
 
  
−
텐텐트 tent; 텐데(요) should [conjecture, expectation]
 
  
−
텔텔레비전
+
; 포:
  
−
텨
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 포 || 포크 fork; 포도 grape
 +
|-
 +
|폭 || 폭포 waterfall; 폭 explode
 +
|-
 +
|퐈 || -
 +
|-
 +
|퐤 || -
 +
|-
 +
|푀 || -
 +
|-
 +
|표 || ticket; chart; surface; manifest; 표현~ express, show
  
−
톄
+
|}
  
  
−
===토===
 
  
−
토마토 tomato; 토끼 rabbit; 토 soil, land; discuss; 토하다 vomit
+
; 푸:
  
−
톱saw
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 푸 || 푸다 scoop, ladle, spoon (out/up)
 +
|-
 +
| 푹 || 푹발~ explode, busrt; 푹 sinking deeply, stuck; thorough(ly), hard, thru, completely, entirely, fast, soundly, deep(ly), sharply
 +
|-
 +
|풀 || grass; paste, starch, glue 풀다 untie, undo, untangle, unfasten, unpack; unbutton, open, unwrap; relax, loosen, unwind; solve; resolve; release, lift, remove; send out; (코를) blow one’s nose
 +
|-
 +
|풋 || 풋- unripe, green (e.g., 풋고추)
 +
|-
 +
|품 || goods, article; grade
 +
|-
 +
|풍 || wind; scenery; customs;
 +
|-
 +
|풔 || -
 +
|-
 +
|풰 || -
 +
|-
 +
|퓌 || -
 +
|-
 +
|퓨 || -
  
−
통can, box, tub, tube; 통~ go thru, circulate, communicate, conduct [通]; -통해 via, thru; 통 pain, intense; whole, bulk
+
|}
  
−
톼
 
  
−
퇘
 
  
−
퇴retreat, leave [退 tuì]
+
; 프:
  
−
툐
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 프 || (계란) 프라이 fried (e.g., egg); 아프다 sick, painful; 플랑스 France
 +
|-
 +
|픠
  
 +
|}
  
−
===투===
 
  
−
투표 ballot, vote; 사투리 dialect
 
  
−
fight, struggle, condemn, contend, put together [鬥, 鬪, 斗 dòu]; throw, send, invest [投 tóu]; cover, wrap; penetrate, thru, appear [透 tòu] →
+
; 피:
  
−
불투명~ opaque; uncertain, unclear, ambiguous
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 피 || blood; skin; avoid, escape; 피자 pizza; 피다 bloom, blossom; spread (by flattening), straighten, flatten; open (book)
 +
|-
 +
|필 || necessary; certainly, inevitably; pen, writing (笔, 筆)
  
−
퉈
+
|}
  
−
퉤
 
  
−
튀튀다 spatter, splash, splatter; bounce; 튀기다 fry, pop; 튀김
 
  
−
튜
+
== ㅎ ==
 +
히읗
  
  
−
===트===
+
; 하:
  
−
트다 bud, sprout, germinate; be/get chapped; dawn; open, meet (kennen­-lernen) 트루트 trot music
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 하 || 하마 hippopotamus; 하트 heart shape; 하키스틱 hockey stick; 下; 河 river (hé); 하늘 sky
 +
|-
 +
|학 || 학  crane (bird) (鶴); 學
 +
|-
 +
|한 || 한자 Chinese character; 韓; 漢; one, same
 +
|-
 +
|할 || cut, divide (割 gē)
 +
|-
 +
|핥 || 핥다 lick
 +
|-
 +
|함 || small box, case (割 hé)
 +
|-
 +
|합 || unite, join, together; union
 +
|-
 +
| 핫 || 핫도그 hotdog, corndog
 +
|-
 +
|항 || port, harbor
 +
|-
 +
|해 || sun, sunlight; year; harm, damage, injury (害); sea, ocean
 +
|-
 +
|핵 || nucleus, pit, stone; (核 hé)
 +
|-  
 +
|행 || 행구다 rinse; 행 go, act, way; row, series (行 háng)fortune; to face; province, hometown
 +
|-
 +
|햐 || -
 +
|-
 +
|향 || fragrance, fragrant; 향~, 향해 face, facing, bound for
 +
|-
 +
|햬 || -
  
−
튼튼튼하다 strong, sturdy
+
|}
  
−
특 special
 
  
−
튼 chapped, e.g., 튼손
 
  
−
틀 틀다 twist, turn; 틀리다 be mistaken, wrong, incorrect, error; 틀림 mistake, error, fault, discrepancy틀림없다 sure, certainframe, pattern, mold; shape, outline
+
; 허:
  
−
틈a crack, gap, break, crevice; (spare) time; chance, opportunity
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 허 || 허리띠 belt; 허리 waist, lower back
 +
|-
 +
| 헌 || constitution; to offer; (k) used, old; 헌금 offering, collection (church)
 +
|-
 +
| 험 || 시험 examine, test; 험하다 rough, tough, rugged, hard, dangerous, perilous; sly, wily, underhanded; foul-mouthed
 +
|-
 +
| 헐 || 헐다 (clothes) wear out; demolish, tear down; 헐렁하다 loose, loose-fitting, baggy
 +
|-
 +
|헛 || 헛개 (tea of) oriental raisin tree (hovenia dulcis)
 +
|-
 +
|헤 || 헤게모니 hegemony; 헤지펀드 hedge fund; 헤매다 wander, roam
 +
|-
 +
|헷 || 헷갈리다 be confused
 +
|-
 +
| 헹 || 헹구다 wash, rinse
 +
|-
 +
|혀 || tongue (舌 shé?)
 +
|-
 +
|혁 || leather
 +
|-
 +
|현 || 현금 cash; 
 +
|-
 +
| 혈 || blood;
 +
|-
 +
|혐 || harmony, union
 +
|-
 +
|협 || threaten; assist, jointly
 +
|-
 +
|형 || shape, form; model, type; 兄 elder brother
 +
|-
 +
| 혜 || 혜성 comet
  
−
틔
+
|}
  
  
−
===티===
 
  
−
티셔츠 T-shirt; particle, (speck of) dust, dirt; flaw, defect
+
; 호:
  
 +
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 호 || 호두 walnut; 호랑이 tiger; number; good; call, exhale; 혹lump, bump; severe; confuse (惑 huò); 가혹~ severe, harsh
 +
|-
 +
|혼 || marriage; mix, confused; 혼자
 +
|-
 +
|홀 || 홀수 odd number; 홀 hall; 홀로 single, alone
 +
|-
 +
|홍 || 홍차 black tea
 +
|-
 +
|화 || 화약 gunpowder; 화 fire, anger; flower; picture, drawing; talk, story; harmony, peace; change; -(iz)ation
 +
|-
 +
|확 || check, confirm; certain; correct, real, true, authentic (確 què); enlarge확인 confirm; 확고~ firm(ness), determination, solid, unwavering
 +
|-
 +
|환 || exchange; return; suffer (from), contract (illness) (患huàn)환대 hospitality, warm, cordial 환하다 light, bright (e.g., daytime), radiant; clear, open
  
 +
활 || live, lively, alive; 활짝 wide (open), in full bloom/blossom
 +
|-
 +
|황 || emperor; huge; desolate; situation; sulfur; yellow (黃), e.g., 황사
 +
|-
 +
|홰 || perch > 횃대
 +
|-
 +
|홱 || suddenly, quickly, vigorously, w/ a jerk
 +
|-
 +
|회 || meeting, gather; return; 회색 gray
 +
|-
 +
|획 || 계획plan, schedule, program (劃 huà: transfer, plan, assign; character stroke)
 +
|-
 +
|횡 || 횡 cross, traverse, crossing 횡령 embezzle(ment), misappropriation<br>
 +
(> 橫 héng/hèng, sideways, horizontal, flagrant; unexpected, perverse)
 +
|-
 +
| 효 || 발효 fermentation; 효 effect, efficacy, imitate (效 xiào); filial piety
  
−
==  ㅍ ==
+
|}
  
−
===파===green onion; 파리 fly; 파란 blue/greento break; a wave; branch 파다 dig, excavate, burrow; carve
+
  
−
판 판다 panda;판 board, plank [판자]; printing; sell; judge; [k] place, situation
+
; 후:
  
−
팔arm; eight; 팔다 sell
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 후 || 후추 black pepper; 후각 (sense of) smell
 +
|-
 +
|훈 || teach, admonish
 +
|-
 +
|훔 || 훔치다 steal, pilfer
 +
|-
 +
|훌 || 코를 훌쩍이다/거리다 sniff, sniffle; 훌렁하다(/거리다) loose (clothing)
 +
|-
 +
|훑 || 훑다 strip off, scrub (out), remove
 +
|-
 +
|훠 || -
 +
|-
 +
|훼 || -
 +
|-
 +
|휘 || 휘파람 (불다) whistle
 +
|-
 +
| 휘 || 어휘vocabulary, lexicon (彙 huì ‘gather, converge, transfer); wield, direct
 +
|-
 +
|휴 || rest
 +
|-
 +
| 흉 || evil, unlucky, terrible, fearful (兇 xiōng); (kr) scar, flaw
  
−
팥(dry farm) field; 豆沙
+
|}
  
−
패badge, signboard, tablet; 패다 break (wood) to pieces, chop, split, beat; be dug or hollowed out 패하다 lose, be defeated
 
  
−
팽around, circling, (going) about; swelling [zh]
 
  
−
퍄
+
; 흐:
  
−
퍠
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 흐 || 흐리다 cloudy, blurry; 흐르아 flow, run; pass, go by, elapse
 +
|-
 +
|흔 || 흔들다, 흔들리다 shake, wave, rock, sway, tremble; 마흔 forty
 +
|-
 +
|흑 || black, dark 黑
 +
|-
 +
|흘 || 흘리다 drop, shed (object, tears, etc.); 흘기다 look askance, give a sidelong glance / scowl
 +
|-
 +
|흙 || soil, earth, dirt, ground, mud, clay (ㄹ=Ø)
 +
|-
 +
|흡 || inhalation (吸 xī), 흡기
 +
|-
 +
| 흥 || 흥분~ overly excited; <br>fun, prosper, popular; permit; (興 xīng); 흥미하다 have interest in; 흥미롭다 interesting, exciting, attractive, amusing
 +
|-
 +
|흩 || 흩다 scatter (about), strew, disperse; 흩어지다 scatter, be scattered, disperse, litter(ed)
 +
|-
 +
|희 || rare, scarce; pleasure; 희다 white, fair gray
 +
|-
 +
|흰 || 흰색 white
  
 +
|}
  
−
===퍼===
 
  
−
퍼센트 percent; 퍼지다 spread out, widen, broaden, propagate, prevail, multiply (abstract, non-tangible things, e.g., rumor, smell)
 
  
−
펭펭귄 penguin
+
; 히:
  
−
펴펴다 unfold, spread, lay out, open, straighten, press, smooth (out) (e.g., paper, wrinkles), stretch (out), extend
+
{| class="glossary"
 +
|-
 +
|style="width:3em;"| 히 || 히터 heater; 히브리 Hebrew
 +
|-
 +
|힌 || 힌두 Hindu
 +
|-
 +
|힐 || investigate, restrain, scold (詰 jié)
 +
|-
 +
|힘 || strength (physical), energy
  
−
편편지 letterslice, piece, mail [片]; side; means;편~ convenient, comfortable, relaxed;
+
|}
  
−
펼펼치다 open, unfold, stretch out, spread (e.g., wings) 펼쳐지다 spread, be held, lie open
+
   
−
 
+
   
−
평flat, even; peaceful, ordinary;critique, assess(ment), evaluation, criticism
 
−
 
 
−
폐lung; to close, closed; abolish(ed);
 
−
 
 
−
===포===wrap; 포도; dried meat/fish slices; gun, cannon; 포기다 give up, abandon
 
−
 
 
−
폭 explode
 
−
 
 
−
퐈
 
−
 
 
−
퐤
 
−
 
 
−
푀
 
−
 
 
−
표ticket; chart; surface; manifest; 표현~ express, show
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===푸===
 
−
 
 
−
푸다 scoop, ladle, spoon (out/up)
 
−
 
 
−
푹푹발~ explode, busrt; 푹 sinking deeply, stuck; thorough(ly), hard, thru, completely, entirely, fast, soundly, deep(ly), sharply
 
−
 
 
−
풀grass; paste, starch, glue 풀다 untie, undo, untangle, unfasten, unpack; unbutton, open, unwrap; relax, loosen, unwind; solve; resolve; release, lift, remove; send out; [코를] blow one’s nose
 
−
 
 
−
풋풋- unripe, green (e.g., 풋고추)
 
−
 
 
−
품goods, article; grade
 
−
 
 
−
풍wind; scenery; customs;
 
−
 
 
−
풔
 
−
 
 
−
풰
 
−
 
 
−
퓌
 
−
 
 
−
퓨
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===프===
 
−
 
 
−
아프다 sick, painful; 플랑스 France
 
−
 
 
−
픠
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===피===blood; skin; avoid, escape 피다 bloom, blossom; spread (by flattening), straighten, flatten; open (book)
 
−
 
 
−
필necessary; certainly, inevitably;pen, writing [笔, 筆]
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
== ㅎ ==
 
−
 
 
−
===하===
 
−
 
 
−
하마 hippopotamus; 하모니카 harmonica; 下; 河 river [hé]; 하늘 sky
 
−
 
 
−
학學
 
−
 
 
−
한韓; 漢; one, same
 
−
 
 
−
할cut, divide [割 gē]
 
−
 
 
−
핥핥다 lick
 
−
 
 
−
함small box, case [割 hé]
 
−
 
 
−
합 unite, join, together; union
 
−
 
 
−
항port, harbor
 
−
 
 
−
해sun, sunlight; year; harm, damage, injury [害]; sea, ocean
 
−
 
 
−
핵 nucleus, pit, stone; [核 hé]
 
−
 
 
−
행go, act, way; row, series [行 háng]fortune; to face; province, hometown
 
−
 
 
−
햐
 
−
 
 
−
향fragrance, fragrant; 향~, 향해 face, facing, bound for
 
−
 
 
−
햬
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===허===permit, permission; empty, vain 허리 waist, lower back
 
−
 
 
−
헌 constitution; to offer; [k] used, old; 헌금 offering, collection (church)
 
−
 
 
−
험 시험 examine, test; 험하다 rough, tough, rugged, hard, dangerous, perilous; sly, wily, underhanded; foul-mouthed
 
−
 
 
−
헐헐다 (clothes) wear out; demolish, tear down; 헐렁하다 loose, loose-fitting, baggy
 
−
 
 
−
헛헛개 (tea of) oriental raisin tree [hovenia dulcis]
 
−
 
 
−
헤헤게모니 hegemony; 헤지펀드 hedge fund; 헤매다 wander, roam
 
−
 
 
−
헷헷갈리다 be confused
 
−
 
 
−
헹헹구다 wash, rinse
 
−
 
 
−
혀tongue [舌 shé?]
 
−
 
 
−
혁 leather
 
−
 
 
−
현 now, current; appear
 
−
 
 
−
혈blood;
 
−
 
 
−
혐harmony, union
 
−
 
 
−
협threaten; assist, jointly
 
−
 
 
−
형 shape, form; model, type; 兄 elder brother
 
−
 
 
−
혜혜성 comet
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===호===
 
−
 
 
−
호두 walnut; 호랑이 tiger; number; good; call, exhale; 혹lump, bump; severe; confuse [惑 huò]; 가혹~ severe, harsh
 
−
 
 
−
혼 marriage; mix, confused; 혼자
 
−
 
 
−
홀 hall; 홀로 single, alone
 
−
 
 
−
홍 홍고추 red chili pepper; red
 
−
 
 
−
화fire, anger; flower; picture, drawing; talk, story; harmony, peace; change; -(iz)ation
 
−
 
 
−
확check, confirm; certain; correct, real, true, authentic [確 què]; enlarge확인 confirm; 확고~ firm(ness), determination, solid, unwavering
 
−
 
 
−
환exchange; return; suffer (from), contract (illness) [患huàn]환대 hospitality, warm, cordial 환하다 light, bright (e.g., daytime), radiant; clear, open
 
−
 
 
−
활live, lively, alive; 활짝 wide (open), in full bloom/blossom
 
−
 
 
−
황emperor; huge; desolate; situation; sulfur; yellow [黃], e.g., 황사
 
−
 
 
−
홰perch > 횃대
 
−
 
 
−
홱suddenly, quickly, vigorously, w/ a jerk
 
−
 
 
−
회meeting, gather; return; 회색 gray
 
−
 
 
−
획계획plan, schedule, program [劃 huà: transfer, plan, assign; character stroke]
 
−
 
 
−
횡횡단 cross, traverse, crossing 횡령 embezzle(ment), misappropriation
 
−
 
 
−
[> 橫 héng/hèng, sideways, horizontal, flagrant; unexpected, perverse]
 
−
 
 
−
효발효 fermentation; 효 effect, efficacy, imitate [效 xiào]; filial piety
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
==  ㅎ ==
 
−
 
 
−
===후===
 
−
 
 
−
후추 black pepper; 후 back, after, later
 
−
 
 
−
훈teach, admonish
 
−
 
 
−
훔훔치다 steal, pilfer
 
−
 
 
−
훌코를 훌쩍이다/거리다 sniff, sniffle 훌렁하다(/거리다) loose (clothing)
 
−
 
 
−
훑훑다 strip off, scrub (out), remove
 
−
 
 
−
훠
 
−
 
 
−
훼
 
−
 
 
−
휘어휘vocabulary, lexicon [彙 huì ‘gather, converge, transfer]; wield, direct
 
−
 
 
−
휴rest
 
−
 
 
−
흉evil, unlucky, terrible, fearful [兇 xiōng]; [kr] scar, flaw
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===흐===
 
−
 
 
−
흐르아 flow, run; pass, go by, elapse 흐리다 cloudy, blurry
 
−
 
 
−
흔흔들다, 흔들리다 shake, wave, rock, sway, tremble; 마흔 forty
 
−
 
 
−
흑black, dark 黑
 
−
 
 
−
흘흘리다 drop, shed (object, tears, etc.); 흘기다 look askance, give a sidelong glance / scowl
 
−
 
 
−
흙soil, earth, dirt, ground, mud, clay [ㄹ==Ø]
 
−
 
 
−
흡inhalation [吸 xī], 흡기
 
−
 
 
−
흥흥분~ overly excited
 
−
 
 
−
fun, prosper, popular; permit<nowiki>; [興 xīng];</nowiki>흥미하다 have interest in;흥미롭다 interesting, exciting, attractive, amusing
 
−
 
 
−
흩흩다 scatter (about), strew, disperse; 흩어지다 scatter, be scattered, disperse, litter(ed)
 
−
 
 
−
희 rare, scarce; pleasure 희다 white, fair gray
 
−
 
 
−
흰흰색 white
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===히===
 
−
 
 
−
히터 heater; 히브리 Hebrew
 
−
 
 
−
힌힌두 Hindu
 
−
 
 
−
힐investigate, restrain, scold [詰 jié]
 
  
−
힘strength (physical), energy
+
[[Category:Korean]] [[Category:Vocabulary]]

Latest revision as of 10:25, 23 May 2023

Korean syllables: The following is a list of common Korean syllables and associated words of medium to high frequency, for mnemonic purposes.


자음 (子音):     ㄱ ㄲㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ
모음 (母音): ㅏㅐㅑㅒ ㅓㅔㅕㅖㅗㅘㅙㅚㅛ ㅜㅝㅞㅟㅠㅡㅢ ㅣ


1 ㄱ

기역


가 
가 가지 eggplant; 가시 thorn, prickle; fish bone;
각 각(도) angle (角); 각주 footnote
간 liver
갈 갈매기 seagull; 갈색 brown
감 감 persimmon; 감자 potato
감다 close (eyes); wind (up), coil
갑 갑 case, box, packet; e.g., 지갑 wallet, coin purse; 장갑 glove
값 price, worth, value
갓 traditional hat, bamboo / horsehair hat, e.g., 삿갓
강 river; strong
갖 갖다, 갖은 prepare, be equipped w.; (have) all kinds of, every, complete
같 같이, 같다
개 dog; open
갱 gangster, mobster
객 guest


거
거 거북기 turtle; 거울 mirror;
걱 주걱 spatula, rice paddle; 걱정 (하다) worry, anxiety;
건 건조기 (clothes) dryer; 소건 towel; 건물 building, structure, edifice
걷 걷다 fold up, roll up (e.g., sleeves), gather together, collect
걸 걸레 rag, rag mop (대걸레 mop; 자루걸레 handle mop); Schlampe; 걸다 / 걸리다
검 검다, 검은색 black; 검은콩 black beans
겁 겁 fear, fright, dread, cowardice, terror; timid (겁나다) (怯 qiè)
것 것 thing; -것댜 tag Q; I think/suppose
겆 -
겉 surface, face, exterior, outer, right side; unhulled grain
게 crab
겨 겨 grain/rice husks/hulls, chaff, bran, grit; 겨울 winter겨드랑이 armpit
격 frame; class; case (gram.) (格 gé
겪 겪다 experience, undergo
견 견과 nut; 애견 pet (犬quǎn); 견인 to tow (car) (牵引 qiānyîn); 견 (絹) a sheet of silk (for painting or writing)
겯 -
결 knot, tie, bind (結 jié); grain, texture; disposition, temper; decide 決 (결정~); 결혼~ marry
겹 layer
겻 -
경 경마 horse racing; 안경 eyeglasses; (鏡jìng); scriptures, classics


고
고 고릴라 gorilla; 고양이 cat; 고 warehouse, storage (庫kù)
곡 곡 valley (zh); 곡식 grain;
곤 곤돌라 gondola; 곤봉 club, cudgel; 곤색 navy, dark blue
곧 곧다 be straight (length), upright; 곧 soon
골 valley; goal (sports) 시골 countryside
곰 bear
곱 곱창 fried intestines; 봅셈, 곱다 multiplication;
곱다 beautiful, pretty, lovely, nice; warm / kind(-hearted), good-natured; soft, smooth; numb (from cold)
곳 place, spot, seat
공 ball; peacock (공작, 孔雀); zero
곶 곶감 dried persimmon
과 fruit; past, pass, cross (過)
곽 city wall (郭 guō); outer coffin (槨 guǒ);
관 tube, pipe; (public) building;
광 광어 flatfish, halibut; 광~ shine, brightness; wide, broad
괴 괴물 monster; 괴 strange; 괴롭다 painful, distressing, hard; awkward
굉 굉장~ wonderful, great, amazing, magnificent, excellent; 굉 (宏 hóng) great
교 교과서 textbook; 교 teach(ing), school; bridge


구
구 구름 cloud; mouth, hole (구멍); nine; 구슬 marble
국 soup, broth; 국자 ladle
군 military, soldier
굳 굳다 hard, stiff, strong; tight; solemn
굽 heel; 말발굽 horseshoe; 굽다 roast, grill, barbecue (ㅂ→Ø); 굽다 curve, bend, crooked (ㅂ↛Ø)
굿 굿 shamanistic ritual or exorcism
굴 oyster; cave, tunnel (동굴)
굵 굵다, 굵은, 굵기 thick (e.g., liquid); big, fat, deep, large, stout (ㄹ=Ø)
궂 궂다 bad, foul (e.g., weather)
궁 palace (宮);
권 volume, book, document, ticket (卷)
귀 ear; 귀뚜라미 cricket
규 규정 (規定) rule, regulation, code; to prescribe, require; 규소 silicon; 규 regulation, scale, rule, pattern (規 guí)
균 germ, virus (菌 jūn), 균류 fungus
귤 clementine


그
그 그내 swing; 그릇 bowl; dish, plate, container; 그림 painting, picture; 그리다 draw, paint;
극 drama; pole, extreme
근 root 根; muscle (筋 jīn)
글 글자 letter, character;
긁 긁다 scratch, claw, scrape; scrape, gather up
금 gold
급 sharp (e.g., curve); class, grade; urgent, fast; 급~ urgent, pressing; (急 jí) anxious, urgent, priority


기
기 기린 giraffe; 기 machine (기계)
긴 tense, tight (緊jǐn); 긴장 (緊張) nervous, tense; long
김 seaweed laver
길 road
깃 collar, lapel; 옷깃 collar; 깃발 flag
깊 깊다 deep (e.g., water); bottomless, remote, isolated; profound; bad, serious


2 ㄲ

쌍기역


까
까 까치; 까마귀 crow; 까다 peel, husk, crack; 까다롭다 difficult, fussy 까맣다 black; complete (까만게)
깐 잠깐 for a short time
깍 깍두기 cubed radish kimchi
깎 깎이 sharpener, peeler, e.g., 연필깎이, 손톱깎이; 깎다 peel, shave, cut, sharpen; discount
깔 깔개 rug, mat; 깔때기 funnel; 깔다 spread, stretch, lay out (by layering, in layers) (e.g., carpet; sitting); pave, cover; 깔끔~ neat, tidy
깜 깜짝 startled, shock; 깜박 blink
깝 아깝다 regrettable, pitiable; precious, dear, worthy 가깝다 near(by), close 깝- frivolous(ly), e.g., 깝신거리다 act thoughtlessly, frivolously
깡 깡통 tin can
깨 sesame; 깨끗~ clean; 깨다 wake up, awake; sober up; break, smash;
깽 깽깽 moan, whimper (onom.)


꺼
꺼 꺼풀 skin, outer layer; 눈꺼풀 꺼내다 eyelid; 꺼내다 take / pull / bring out, remove; 꺼지다 be extinghuished, blow out
꺾 꺾임 break, bend, snap; 꺾다 break, snap off; fold; turn, bend (타)꺾쇠 clamp, cramp iron
껌 gum
껍 껍데기 shell (e.g., mollusk, nut), skin, rind, crust, husk; 껍질 peel, rind, bark, skin, hull, shell
껏 with all possible _; as far/much as possible, to the utmost, as hard as one can (e.g., 힘껏)
껑 뚜껑 lid
께 DAT-HON.; -께 about, around


꼬
꼬 꼬막 cockle (shellfish); 꼬치 skewered meat 꼬다 twist, bend; 꼬리 tail꼬끼오 rooster sound
꼭 꼭지 tap, faucet;
exactly, precisely, just; firmly, tightly, fast; surely, by all means;
꼴 fodder; look, shape, condition, form; personal appearance, countenance
꼼 꼼꼼~ meticulous, precise, exact; 꼼치 grassfish, snailfish
꼿 -
꼽 꼽다 to count (on fingers), mention
꽁 end, tail; 꽁초 end, butt (e.g. cigarette); 꽁치 mackerel pike
꽂 꽂이 stand, rack, shelf꽂다 stick in/thru s.t., insert
꽃 flower
꽈 -
꽝 우스꽝스럽다 ridiculous, funny
꽉 tightly, fast, firmly; fully, close, compact (fill)
꽤 quite, pretty
꾀 꾀다 to tempt, allure, entice, seduce


꾸
꾸 꾸다 dream꾸미다 decorate; invent, fabricate
꾼 one occupied / engaged with, e.g., 사양꾼 hunter
꿀 honey
꿇 꿇다 kneel (down)
꿈 dream
꿩 pheasant
뀌 -
꿰 꿰다 to thread, to pass/run thru


끄 
끄 끄다 put out, extinguish, turn off; 끄덕 a nod; 끄덕이다 to give a nod (of the head)
끈 string, cord (e.g., shoelace)
끊 끊다 turn off, cut off, sever; abstain from, stop, hang up
끌 chisel; 끌다 drag, pull, haul; prolong; draw
끓 끓다 boil (차), 끓이다 (타)
끔 끔벅~ flicker, waver, twinkle; wink, blink; 끔짝~ terrible, awful 라끔 sometimes, occasionally
꼽 꼽등이 camel/cave cricket
끗 끗수 points, score; 깨끗~ clean
끝 end, finish; 끝나다


끼
끼 끼니 (small) meal; 끼다 insert, wrap, pull over/on, wear, put on; hold in arms;

3 ㄴ

니은


나
나 나비 butterfly; 나방 moth; 나무 tree;
낙 낙타 camel; (樂) fall(ing)
난 naan; 난초 orchid
날 blade; 날다 to fly
낡 낡다 old (objects, cf. 늙-); shabby, old-fashioned, obsolete (ㄹ=Ø)
남 male; south; 남다 remain
납 납 lead (Pb); 사납다 wild, violent, fierce, aggressive; stormy
낫 낫다 be better (than), superior; get better, get well, recover
낭 sack, purse, pouch (囊 náng)
낮 day, daytime; 낮다 low, flat; humble
낯 face, countenance낯익다 familiar; 낯살다 unfamiliar
낱 낱개 a piece, unit, item, each, individual
낳 낳다 give birth, bear; produce, yield
내 inside, internal; 내다 give, put; hand in; pay; do s.t. thru, get s.t. done
냄 냄비 pot, pan; 냄새 smell
냉 cold
냥 사냥~ hunt; 사냥꾼 hunter


너 
너 너구리 raccoon; 너트 nut (mech.)
넉 넉넉~, 넉넉하게enough, sufficient
넋 -
넌 넌더리 (나다) disgusted, fed up, sick of
널 널다 stretch, spread out, hang (out) (e.g., clothes);
널(짠지) board, plank, shingle
넓 넓다 be wide, broad, roomy, spacious
넘 넘다 pass (over/thru) (spat./temp.), cross, go over/across; exceed, pass, go/be over; 넘치다 overflow, brim over; 넘기다 pass; pass / turn (over), hit over; turn (page); 넘어지다 fall (down), trip
넣 넣다 put s.t. in, fill
네 네온 neon; 네 yes; four; 네거 film negative
넥 넥타이 necktie
녀 female
녘 -
년 year, age
념 think, thought, memorial
녜 -


노
노 노트북 laptop; 노 old, elderly; 노란색, 로랗다 yellow; 노래 song
녹 녹색 green; 녹다 melt, dissolve, thaw; warm up
논 discuss
놀 놀다 play, relax, hang out w.
놈 fellow (neg.)
놋 놋쇠 brass
농 농부 farmer;
높 높다 be high
놓 놓다 lay, put, place; release, let go; keep
놔 -
놰 -
뇌 brain
뇨 -


누 
누 누룽지 crisped rice; 누나 older sister; 누르다 push, press; suppress; 누구? who?
눅 눅다 fall, come, drop down; warm up; soft, limp; damp
눈 eye; snow
눌 눌리다 (>눌다) be pressed down, oppressed, squished; burned, scorched
눕 눕다 lie down, recline
눠 -
눼 -
뉘 unhulled rice; paddy; 뉘앙스 nuance
뉴 뉴스; New York


느 
느 느릅나무 elm tree; 느끼하다 greasy, oily; 느리다 slow, sluggish; 느끼다 feel, find, sense, experience; 느낌 impression, feeling; -느라고 due to, because of (V-stem+~)
늑 늑대 wolf; 늑골 rib
는 (topic / contrast marker)
늘 바늘 sewing needle, pin; 늘다 increase, improve; grow, gain, multiply; make progress; 를리다 lengthen, extend, stretch (e.g., a band); 늘 always, all the time
늙 늙다 be/grow old, age (persons, cf. 낡-) (ㄹ: Ø)
늦 늦다 be late; slow, tardy, delayed
능 able, ability; angle, edge
늬 -


니 
니 니켈 nickel; 니코틴 nicotine
님 VOC-HON.


4 ㄷ

디귿


다
다 다리 bridge; 다 many, much; 다치다 be hurt, wounded 다하다 run out; carry out, fulfill
닥 닥치다 shut up!
닦 닦다 clean, wipe, polish, wash
단 단호박 pumpkin; 단풍잎 maple leaf; 단 step, section; 단추 button
닫 닫다 shut, close (door, shop); 닫히다 be closed
달 moon; 달팽이 snail; 달다 sweet, sugary; hoist, hang (up), install, wear, put on; weigh
닳 닳다 wear out/off/down, be rubbed off/down
닭 chicken
닮 닮다 resemble, look like
담 담 wall, fence, Mauer; phlegm, sputum; congestion; gallbladder; courage, pluck, nerves; converse, conversation


담 || 담다 put, fill, hold; 담기다 be in, be put in (stative), has, contain

답 답답하다 stuffy; 답다 be like, worthy of; 답reply;
닷 닷=다섯
당 당나귀 donkey; sugar; hall; faction, party; 당근 carrot 당기다 pull s.t.
닻 anchor
닿 닿다 touch, reach; come into contact w.; get to; arrive at, reach
대 bamboo; belt; pole, stalk, stem, rod, cane;
great; opposite; facing; to treat대다 put, touch; (V+~) do s.t. extremely; 대하디 treat; concerning, about
댁 residence, home (宅 zhái)
댐 dam
댕 오댕


더
더 더위 heat; 더덕 (mountain herb & its root); 더럽다 dirty; 더미, 산더미 pile, stack, heap of s.t.; 더하다 add (+); 더 more; 더운 hot, warm;
덕 goodness, kindness, mercy, virtue 德
덖 덖다 parch, roast (beans, coffee); be stained w. dirt, soiled
던 던지다 throw, hurl, fling, cast, toss; vote; project-던 pluperfect, past habitual (?)
덜 less, little, incompletely, insufficiently, half-덜다 subtract, deduct; decrease, lessen, ease, mitigate; 덜미 scrape/scruff of neck
덤 extra, addition(al)
덥 덥다 be warm, hot
덧 덧붙이다 add; 덧대다 add, join, place, attach (one layer over another)
덩 덩이 lump, mass, clod
덫 ensnare, trap (e.g., mousetrap)
덮 덮개 cover, bedspread, book cover; 덮다 to cover (i.e., wide, fully, extensively)
데 데다 be burned, burn oneself, scalded; bitter experience
덱 deck
덴 덴마크 Denmark


도
도 도토리 acorn; 도마 cutting board; 도마뱀 lizard;
독 poison (毒 dú); reading; Germany; 독~ strong, pungent, potent; spiteful; firm, dogged
돈 money
돋 돋보기 reading glasses, magnifying glass; 돋다 come up, rise (sun); grow up, sprout (싹)
돌 stone; collide; sudden; 돌다 turn around, rotate
돕 돕다 help, assist; relieve
동 동아리 circle; club, society, group; ice (凍 dòng); winter; 동물 animal;
move; east; copper; same, together; move; 동영상 video; 동작 move, movement;
돛 돛단배 sailboat
돼 돼지 pig; 돼 > 되다
되 back, again, repeated;
되다 be done, finished, become; result in; come to; grow, thrive, prosper; consist of; able to do, will do; act as
된 뒨장 soybean paste


두
두 두부 tofu, soy; 두 head; two, couple; 두루미 Japanese crane (bird)
둑 bank, levee
둔 blunt; dull, stupid (鈍 dùn)
둘 two; 둘째 second;
둥 둥지 nest; 둥글다, 둥근 round, spherical
뒤 뒤(쪽) back, rear; succession; later 못뒤다 bad, mean
됫 됫길 backstreet, byroad
듀 -


드 
드 드럼 drum; 드리다 offer, give, present;
득 가득 full; benefit, advantage, gain, interest, good, profit (得 dé); 가득~ crammed, full
든 든든~ reassured, reliable, confident; full -든(지) either...or, whether...or; any, -ever
듣 듣다 hear
들 들깨 perilla; 들판 field, wild;
들 들다 enter; cost; become; carry, lift
듬 -
등 light, lamp; the back; class, grade


디 
디 D,; 디스크 disk; 디젤 diesel


5 ㄸ

쌍디귿


따 
따 따다 pick, pluck; open, unlock; win, get, gain; 따갑다 prickly, hot, stinging; 따르다 follow; pour (in); 따로 separately, independently; 따뜻~ warm
딱 딱따구리 woodpecker; 딱지 scab; 딱정벌레 beetle; 딱딱~ hard (texture), firm, stiff; 딱 w. bang, snap; positively, flatly; 딱지 scab; stamp, sticker
딴 different
딸 daughter; 딸꾹/딸꾹질하다 hiccup
땀 sweat
땅 ground, land, eath
때 dead skin, dirt; time, moment; 때리다 beat, hit; 때로 sometimes, occasionally;
땡 clang, ring, bell sound
떄 -


떠 
떠 떠나다 start out, leave, depart
떡 떡; 어떡하다
떤 어떤 which, what, how
떨 떨림 shaking (body, etc.), vibration; 떨다 shake, quiver, tremble; remove, shake off (떨내다); cf. 떨어지다 떨아지다 fall, drop; fail; run out;
떫 떫다 astringent, puckery, bitter, sour
떳 떳떳~ honorable, blameless
떻 어떻다, 어떻게 how, like what
떼 떼다 take off, detach, pull off, remove; 떼 group, swarm, crowd, throng, pack, flock, herd
뗘 -
뗴 -


또 
또 also, again, and, too, both...and
똑 똑똑~ clever, bright, intelligent; 똑똑 (adv./onom.) knock; drip; 똑 just, exactly, right
똥 dung
똬 -
뙈 -
뙤 -
뚀 -


뚜
뚜 뚜껑 lid; 메뚜기 locust, 귀뚜라미 cricket
뚝 with a (heavy) snap, thud; suddenly, unexpectedly뚝뚝 onom.: raindrops 뚝배기 earthenware bowl
뚫 뚫다 to bore, drill (hole), penetrate
뚱 뚱뚱이 fatso, 뚱뚱~;
뚱 엉뚱~ strange, odd, eccentric
뚸 -
뛔 -
뛰 뛰다 run, dash; jump, leap, skip, swing, beat뛰어나다 outstanding, good
뜀 running
뜌 -


뜨
뜨 뜨다 float; float (by) (in air/water); rise, come (up); knit; leave, move on; scoop up, ladle out 뜨다 open (one’s eyes)뜨겁다 hot, burning
뜬 floating, drifting
뜯 뜯다 tear off, pluck; bite, graze;
뜸 moxibustion (Oriental medicine)
뜻 meaning, intention, mind; 뜻~ mean, indicate, refer to;
띄 -


띠
띠 belt, band, sash; zodiac sign 띠다 wear (belt)


6 ㄹ

리을


라
라 라면 ramen; 리마 lama; 라디오 radio
락 락스bleach; fall, omit, scatter (낙, 落 luò); NP-락 말락 on the brink/verge of; NP-락 and, or (?) (correlative?)
란 egg; order, chaos (난, 亂 luàn)-(이)란 as for X; is called, (das) heißt; NP~ that is, that (which is) is named/called; generic topic NP; XP~? was heißt? (PP > -(이)라고 하는)
람 람바다 lambada
랍 랍비 rabbi; 랍소디 rhapsody;
랑 신랑 bridegroom; (이)랑as for, and, with, etc. + topic 자랑 boast, brag, show off
랗 커다랗다 big, large, huge; 동그랗다 round; (-을) 동그랗게 around
래 come, coming오래다 long time
랭 랭크되다, 랭킹 rank; 랭 cool; 무말랭이 dried sliced radish
랴 -
략 전략 strategy; abbreviate(d), summary, plan, simplify
량 car, carriage, e.g., 차량 (輛 liàng); volume, quantity, amount, capacity, supply, to measure (量 liáng)涼 (liáng/liàng) cool; disappointed, discouraged; e.g., 황량~ bleak, desolate


러
러 러너 runner; 러닝 running race; 러닝머신 treadmill; 러시아 Russia -러 (purpose clause + motion verbs)
럭 럭비 rugby
런 런던 London; 런치 luncheon; 이런/그런 such, like, that kind of; 뉴런 neuron
럴 그럴듯~ plausible, specious; decent;
럼 rum
럽 시럽 syrup; hunt, field, sports ( 獵 liè) -스럽다 seems, be like, suggest; -ish 더럽다 dirty
렁 지렁이 earthworm; 우렁이 freshwater snail; 설렁탕 oxtail soup;
렇 그렇다 (르래) so, such; true이렇다, 이렇게 like this, so저렇다 like that 누렇다 (golden/dirty) yellow; pale (sickly) yellow
레 레몬 lemon; 수레 wagon, cart, shopping cart, handcart, wheelbarrow
렌 렌즈 lens; 렌즈콩 lentil; 렌치 wrench;
려 려 [呂] a Korean shampoo brand; 고려 Goryeo dynasty; -려 be about to, ready to +V; -려나 I wonder +S-려고 in order to (+action verbs)
력 달력 calendar (曆 lì ); strength, power (力); experience (歷 lì)
련 practice, train (연) 세련되다 refined, sophisticated
렬 강렬~ strong, intense, mighty; 렬 (烈 liè) strong, fierce
렴 honest, moderate (염)
렵 어렵다 difficult, hard 두렵다 fearful, afraid, terrified; hunt, field, sports ( 獵 liè)
렷 뚜렷하다 clear, distinct, plain, evident, definite, obvious, apparent차렷 attention(!)
령 대통령 president; 고령 old age; neck, collar (領 lǐng); lead, command (영); Spirit
례 rite, ceremony (禮lĭ) instance, case, example, usual (例lì)


로
로 로켓 rocket; 路 road; 로마 Rome; 로비 lobby; 로커locker;
록 green; minutes, record, register, diary (녹) (錄 lù)
론 discuss
롤 roll; 롤빵 bread roll; 롤러 roller, squeegee
롭- 롭다 characterized by 해롭다 harmful, bad 외롭다 lonely
롱 play with (농); room salon (sic)
롸 -
뢰 depend on (e.g., 신뢰 faith) (賴lài)
뢔 -
뢰 thunder
료 material (자료, 재료), estimate (料 liào); finish, achieve, understand (了) (수료)
룡 공룡 dinosaur


루
-
루 base (baseball); 루비 ruby; 지루하다 boring; bored; dull, tedious, tiresome 루주 rouge, lipstick; 루블 ruble
룩 거룩 holy, divine, sacred;
룰 rule
뤄 -
뤠 -
뤼 -
류 stream, flow (流liú); kind, sort, style, type, manner, system; papers, documents
륙 continent, land mass (陸)
륭 훌륭~ excellent, great, magnificent; great, grand, lofty; honorable, admirable (隆 lóng); 흥륭~ prosperity, prosper, flourish


르 
그 그르다, 그름 wrong, incorrect; hopeless; 다르다 different 흐르다 flow, run; 부르다 full푸르다 blue, azure, green 르네상스 Renaissance; 장르 genre
른 오른(쪽) right side
름 기름 oil
릎 무릎 knee
릐 -


리 
리 리모진 limo bus; 리마 콩 lima beans; 리본 ribbon
린 린스 rinse (hair)
림 삼림 forest; 아이스크림 ice cream
립 림 stand, establish (立); 그립다 long for, miss

7 ㅁ

미음


마
마 마늘 garlic; 마을 village, hamlet; 마루 (wooden) floor; 마치다 end, finis
막 막대사탕 lollipop, sucker; 막 end, last; desert; curtain; 막다 clog, block; stop, prevent; enclose,
맏 firstborn
만 (₩)10,000; full; only; bay, gulf
많 많이
맏 first born, eldest
말 horse; end; language, speech, word, talk; 말다 stop, skip, break off; roll (up)
맑 맑다 clear, clean, pure; sunny
맛 taste, flavor
망 net; 망치 hammer
맞 맞다 be correct, agree, fit; be hit, struck, beaten; get acupuncture (침); greet, welcome, receive; face a certain time; ...맞아 over, during
맡 맡다 smell, sniff at, sense; keep, take charge of, take on; be in charge; 맡기다 entrust, leave
매 매실 green plum; 매 sour plum; hawk; whip, rod, cane; sell, buy; 매미; 매다 tie, fasten, wear
맥 맥 pulse; (blood) vessel, as in 동맥 artery; 맥 vein (of ore); 산맥 mountain range;
맨 bare, unprotected, nothing but; the very, the most, at the very front; 맨션 mansion;
맵 맵다 spicy
맹 blind; plain, bland
맺 맺다 tie (up), knot; bear (fruit); conclude, finish, close


머
머 머리 head, hair; 머스캣 포도 muscat (green grapes)
먹 먹다 eat, make, suffer; ink (中國, 인도)
먼 먼지 dust; 먼저 first (of all); previously
멀 멀다 be far; 멀리 far away, distant
멈 멈추다 stop, halt
멋 a show, relish, taste; 멋싰다, 멋지다
멍 멍 bruise, contusion멍하다 blank, stupified멍멍 onom.


메
메 메뚜기 locust; 메뉴 menu; 메기 catfish; 메달 medal
멧 멧돼지 wild boar
며 며칠 what day?
멱 -
면 surface, face, side, aspect; noodle; cotton
멸 destroy, exterminate
명 name, famous; bright, clear; command
몇 some, several; how many / much / far


모
모 모기 mosquito; rice spout, seedling; mother; angle (kr); 모으다 gather, collect (타), 모이다 (자)
목 neck, throat; eye, item (目); wood, tree
몪 몪다 tie, bind
몬 몬순 monsoon
몰 몰다 steer, drive, chase, pursue, run after; to corner; charge, accuse w. crime; 몰 lack, sink (沒); 몰라요 > 모르다 not know
몸 body
못 nail, peg; callous, corn; pond, pool; 못~ cannot, not, incapable; poor; inferior 뭇지않다 not as X as, not inferior
몽 dream
뫼 grave, tomb
묘 grave; mystery, wonder묘~ odd, strange


무
무 radish; 무당벌레 ladybug
묵 bean / grain jelly (e.g., 도토리묵); silent; 목다 old, antiquated; stop, lodge at
묶 묶음 bundle, bunch; 묶다 tie up, bind, fasten
문 문어 octopus; 문 door; 문손잡이 doorknob; 문 letter, writing; question
묻 묻다 ask, question, inquire; smear, stain; bury, conceal, hide
물 water; 물다 bite, sting; hold s.t. in one’s mouth; pay, repay
묽 묽다 watery; weak; thin
뭇 bunch, bundle; various
뭉 뭉치다 (form a) mass, lump, mass; unite, stand, get together
뭐 what
뮤 뮤지컬 musical



므
므 므네모시네 Mnemosyne; 므엉족 Muong tribe
믜 -


미
미 미식축구 American football (a ball, or the sport); 미나리 water dropwort / parsely; 미각 (sense of) taste; 미 rice
믹 믹서 mixer
민 people, tribe
믿 맏다 believe, trust; rely on
밀 secret; 밀다 push
밉 밉다 detestable, hateful, odious
밋 -
및 and (also), both...and
밑 bottom, below, lower, base, underneath; lower, subordinate

8 ㅂ

비읍


바
바 바나나 banana; 바퀴벌레 cockroach;
바퀴 wheel; 바구니 basket; 바탕 background; 바라다 wish, desire; 바르다 apply, put on
박 gourd; 박쥐 bat; 박다 hammer, drive (into), ram
밖 outside
반 half; opposite; 반지 ring
받 쓰레받기 dustpan; 받다 receive;
발 foot, step; depart, rise> 바르다 upright; right, correct; cover, plaster, spread, apply, put on (topically)
밝 밝다 bright, light, brilliant, to dawn; 밝히다 reveal, disclose; light
밟 밟다 step on
밤 chestnut; night
밥 rice
밧 밧줄 rope
방 방망이 bat, club, e.g., 약구방망이; 방 room; defend
밭 (dry) field, farm
배 pear; ship; belly
백 white; 100; (양)배추 white cabbage
뱀 snake
뱃 뱃> 배
뱅 뱅이
뱉 뱉다 spit (at/out)


버
버 버섯 mushroom; 버팔로 buffalo; 버릇 habit; manners; 버리다 throw away;
벅 벅차다 hard to manage, too much, beyond one’s power; full n
번 번개 lightning, thunderbolt; 번빵 bun; 번 number, repeat; change, shift, alternate; MW iterations (番 fān)
벋 -
벌 벌bee, wasp; 벌레 bug, worm; 벌다 make, earn (money); 벌리다 open, spread (by pulling apart or separating)
범 범인, 범죄자 criminal 표범 leopard; (범= tiger, tigress); 범선 sailboat; (帆船)
범 범하다 commit (error, mistake);
ordinary, common, mundane, temporal (평범~) (凡 fán); pan- (all), general; offense; pattern, master;
법 law, rule, method
벗 벗다take off, remove, undress
벙 벙커 bunker; 벙어리 mute, speech-impaired; 벙벙~ stunned, dumbfounded
벚 벚꽃 cherry blossom; 벚나무 cherry tree
베 베다 rest, lay one’s head on; 베다 cut, slice, (e.g., finger), mow; (erg./passive/adversative)베개 pillow
밴 van
뱅 뱅어 whitebait fish


벼
벼 rice plant; paddy
벽 wall, partition; habit > 버릇
변 변하다 change, alter; 변 dung, feces; accident
별 star; another, other, particular (别)
볍 볍씨 rice seed; 가볍다, 가볍게 light, simple, gentle, easy; frivolous(ly), careless; minor, mild
병 bottle, jar; disease, sic


보
보 보석 gem, jewel, precious stone (寶 bǎo); 보리 barley
복 복숭아 peach; duplicate, copy (复 fù); clothes; blessing, fortune, happiness
볶 볶다, 볶음 stir -fry
본 root, origin, base, model, pattern, main (本); V-본적 있다 experiential perfective
볼 cheek
봄 spring(time)
봉 봉투 envelope, paper packet, bag; 봉 peak
봐 봐 > 보다
뵙 뵙다 see, meet (hon.)


부
부 부추 chives; 부엉이 horned owl (or short-eared / long-eared owl); 부채 folding fan; part (일부 some; 부분 piece)
skin (肤 fū); wealth, blessing, fortune, riches; father; part, section, department, division; unit; wife; vice-, attached to, supplement, addition; not 부르다 call, sing
북 drum (Korean traditional); north;
분 powder; 분필 chalk
불 fire, light불다 blow; swell up (w. water), soaked
붉 붉다 red, crimson, scarlet (ㄹ=Ø)
붓 (그림) 붓 paintbrush; 붓다 pour (in/into) (ㅅ→Ø); swell (up), become swollen
붕 붕대 bandage; 붕어 carp; 부엉이 owl
붙 붙다 (자), stick to, adhere; 붙이다 (타) stick, adhere; pass (exam); stay close to; stay; join w.;
뷔 뷔페 buffet


브
브 브로콜리 broccoli; 브레이크 brake
블 블라우스 blouse; 블로그 blog


비
비 rain; compare, ratio, proportion; fat; broom, brush; 비다 empty, vacant, unoccupied 비치다 shine, be reflected; 비추다 shine, reflect
빈 empty; guest
빌 빌리다 borrow, take a loan; 빌다 borrow; employ, use; pray, wish
빗 빗 comb; (빗자루 broom )
빙 ice
빚 debt, loan
빛 light, color; ~나다shine, sparkle


9 ㅃ

쌍비읍


빠
빠 빠지다 deflate, drain, fall out; lose weight; sink; be absorbed, drowned; fall out, be dropped, be absent
빤 (빤하다 = 뻔하다)
빨 빨다 suck (at/on); wash; 빨래; 빨리
빵 bread
빼 빼다 pull out, subtract, remove, take out
뺘 -
뺨 cheek
뺴 -


뻐
뻐 뻐꾸기 cuckoo; 기뻐~ rejoice, happy
뻔 뻔하다 clear, plain, obvious
뻗 뻗다 spread, extend, stretch, reach out, (oneself, body; stative) (타/차)
볍 가볍다 light; ; simple; careless
뻥 bang, pop
뻬 -
뼈 bone
뼤 -


뽀
뽀 뽀뽀 kiss, peck (onom.)
뽑 뽑다 pull, draw, take out, extract (e.g., tooth, nail, tree); select, choose;
뽕 mulberry; 뽕짝 = 트고트 trot music
뽜 -
뽸 -
뾔 -
뾰 뾰족~ sharp, pointed; 뾰루지 skin rash, pimple


뿌
뿌 뿌리 root 뿌리다 spread, sprinkle; put on, apply
뿍 듬뿍 generously, liberally
뿔 antler, horn; projection, tip; 코뿔소 rhino
뿨 -
쀄 -
쀠 -
쀼 -


쁘
쁘 쁘띠 petit(e); 기쁘다 glad, happy; 바쁘다 busy
쁴 -


삐
삐 삐다 twist, sprain (injury)


10 ㅅ

시옷


사
사 사자 lion; 사발 bowl; 사탕 candy; 사 sand; scholar; teacher; four
삭 cut, subtract; 삭도(차) cable car
산 mountain; calculate; umbrella
살 flesh, skin, meat; kill; 살구 apricot; 살다 be alive; live; reside; 살 age, years; (불) 사르다 burn, set on fire, make a fire
삶 삶 life; 삶다 boil, simmer, cook
삼 three; hemp, flax (plant, cloth)
삽 shovel, spade, scoop
상 상어 shark; table, bench; image; 上 top, above, ascend, supreme, upper; 상상~ imagine
새 bird; new
색 color
생 be born, life, living, raw; student생각~ think
샤 샤워하다
섀 -


서
서 서랍 drawer; 서 book, writing, document; west; public office; 서다 stand; halt, stop
석 stone; seat
섞 섞다 mix, mingle, blend, shuffle
선 선풍기 (electric) fan; 선지 blood soup; 선인장 cactus; 선 ship, boat; 선물 gift, present
설 설탕 sugar; 說 theory, explain, talk; establish (설명~); 설거지 dishes (to wash), dish-washing
섬 island, isle
섭 섭섭~ sorry, disappointed, regrettable; 섭씨 Celsius 무섭다 scary, frightening ; scared, afraid; 섭 take in, absorb, assimilate; act for; care for one’s health (攝 shè); to wade, be involved, concern, experience (涉shè)
섯 halt! (mil.); 버섯 mushroom
성 fortress; voice; star, planet; saint, holy; surname; anger, wrath; success성공~ succeed
세 wash; tax; (힘) 세다 strong, powerful, vigorous, muscular; violent, sever, intense (e.g., forces)
세 세다 count, calculate
섹 섹시~ hot, sexy
셈 calculation, sum
셀 셀러리 celery
셔 -


소
소 cow
속 stomach, (the) inside, one’s insides, one’s heart; speed, speedy; 속~ belong to
손 hand
솔 pine tree; brush; to lead
솜 cotton
솟 솟다 gush, spring, spurt out; break froth; rise, tower, soar; 솟대 acrobat’s pole; ritual / festive dragon head pole
송 pine; 송이 pine mushroom
솥 clay / cast iron pot, caldron
솨
쇄 쇄골 collarbone, clavicle (鎖骨 suǒ lock (up))
쇠 iron
쇼 쇼핑 shopping; 쇼크, 쇼캉하다 shock


수
수 water; hand; receive; guard
숙 숙주나물 mung bean sprouts; lodge; 기숙사 dorm
순 순두부찌개 tofu stew
숟 숟가락 spoon
술 liquor, alcohol; tassel, tuft, fringe (e.g., 입술)skill, art, method, technique
숨 솜다, 숨기다 hide; 숨 breath, 숨쉬다 breathe
숫 pure, innocent
숭 숭늉 = 누롱지 soup
숲 forest
숱 thickness (hair); 숱하다 numerous, a lot
숴 shoo!
쉐
쉬 쉬다 relax, rest; take a day off; breathe; be hoarse; go bad, spoil 쉬 = 小便
쉰 쉰 fifty
쉽 쉽다 easy, simple
슈 슈퍼마트


스
스 스웨터 sweater
습 study, practice; 습~ damp(ness), moist, wet, soggy 우습다 funny, humorous
슬 슬라이드 slide, transparency
슬프다 sad, sorrowful; 슬퍼하다 be sad슬다 disappear, vanish; wither, wilt; rust
슴 슴베 handle, end (knife, farm tool), tool tang
슷 비슷다 similar, like, alike
승 boarding; victory, win
싀 -


시
시 시금치 spinach time; 시계 clock; 시각 (sense of) sight 시다 sour;
식 food, eat; style, ceremony; plant; know, recognize
신 신장 kidney; 신용타드 credit card; 신 god(神); 신다 put on, wear (footwear)
싣 싣다 load (ㄷ→ㄹ)
실 room, classroom (강의실); 실 thread; fruit; 실수 failure, mistake;
싫 싫다 hateful; hate, dislike
심 heart, mind; 심하다 bad, serious, deep; 심다 to plant
십 ten
싱 싱크 sink; 싱싱~ fresh; 싱겁다 bland


11 ㅆ

쌍시옷


싸
싸 싸다 cheap; wrap (up), pack; 싸우다 fight, argue
싹 shoot, spout; quite, completely
쌀 ice
쌈 lettuce wrap
쌍 pair, twins, couple
쌓 쌓다 pile, stack, heap (up), accumulate; 쌓이다 be stacked, pile up
쌔 -
쌰 -
썌 -


써
써 -
썩 썩다 rot, decay, decompose, go bad; be corrupt
썰 썰다 slice, , chop, cut (solid objects, e.g., meat, vegetables, food)썰렁~ chilly; empty, deserted; corny
썹 눈썹 eyebrow
쎄 글쎄 well, … (DM)
쎠 -
쎼 -


쏘
쏘 쏘다 shoot, fire (at); sting
쏟 쏟다 spill, pour out; 쏟아지다 pour, spill, gush (자)
쏠 쏠다 lean toward, incline
쏴 -
쐐 쐐기 wedge
쐬 -
쑈 -


쑤
쑤 쑤시다pick, poke; ache, throb, be sore
쑥 mugwort
쒀 -
쒜 -
쒸 -
쓔 -


쓰
쓰 쓰다 use, employ, spend; hire; spend; bitter; write; put on, wear쓰레기 trash
쓸 쓸다 sweep; 쓸모 use, usefulness; 쓸개 gallbladder 쓸쓸~lonely, solitary
씌 씌우다 spread, cover, be spread (not covering widely or extensively, cf. 덮다), wear, put on (clothing articles)


씨
씨(앗) seed, pit
씬 날씬하다 slim, slender
씩- 씩 each, separately, apiece; 씩씩~ vigorous, energetic
씹 씹다 chew, bite; 씹 coīre, pudenda [vulgar]
씻 씻다 wash, rinse, cleanse


12 ㅇ (1: 아, 어)

이응


아
아 아몬드 almond; 아 child; 아기 baby, infant;
악 악어 crocodile; 악 evil, bad; music
안 안내 announcement; 안다 hold, hug, embrace
앉 앉다 sit, be seated
않 않다 not, do not
알 (fish) egg, round object; 알다 know
앓 앓다 be sick, fall ill, suffer (from ~을)
암 암탉 hen; 암 cancer; rock; female (animal); dark, secret;
압 pressure; push, press
앗 -
앙 center (央 yāng); onom. (e.g., baby crying)
앞 front, ahead


애
애 애벌래 caterpillar
액 amount ($), sum; liquid
앵 앵무새 parrot


야
야 wilderness, field; at night; 야~ racy, sexual
약 medicine; promise; weak
얄 얄밉다 detestable, hateful; naughty
얇 얇다 thin, fine; flimsy;
얌 얌전~ well behaved, quiet, gentle, meek, clean, modest, obedient
양 sheep; ocean, Western; bring up, care, nourish; both; quantity, amount
얕 얕다 shallow (depth)


얘
얘 얘기 > 이야기


어
어 어치 jay (bird); 어항 fish bowl (魚缸); 어 fish; word, term, language어둡다 dark, gloomy어리다 young, little
억 jade; 108; tough; press, suppress
언 words, talk; 언니 older sister; 언덕 hill; 언제 when, whenever
얹 얹다 lay, place (s.t.) on (s.t.), load (s.t.) with (s.t.)
얻 얻다 borrow; get, gain, win, take, acquire, achieve
얼 얼음 ice (얼다 freeze); 일굴 face, features, countenance, look; 얼얼~ hot, burning, on fire (e.g., tongue); 얼룩말 zebra; 얼룩 stain, smear, spot
얽 얽다 pitted; weave, tie up
엄 엄지 thumb; 엄마 mommy
업j ob, business, industry, calling, vocation, occupation, trade, profession
없 없다
엇 cross, intersect, pass, alternate
엉 엉덩이 buttocks, hip
엊 엊그제 a couple of days ago
엎 엎다 turn over / down, lay upside down; 엎지르다 to spill


에
에 at
엔 엔진 engine; yen


여
여 여우 fox; female, woman; travel; 여름 summer; 여치 long-horned grasshopper, katydid;
역 station; translate; opposite, reverse
연 연 kite (鳶); 연 lotus (蓮); 연필 pencil; 연어 salmon; 연 research; perform; year
열 열무 young/slender radish; line, row, file, column, queue (렬); heat, temperature; ten
엶 엶다 thin; light, pale; light color
염 salt; inflammation; dye
엽 leaf; 엽기 bizarre
엿 taffy, wheat gluten
영 영양 antelope; 수영 swim; England; zero; glory; shadow; neck, collar; reflect, cinema, movie; order, command
옅 옅다 light, pale, faint
옆 side

13 ㅇ (2: 어 우)

이응


예
예 예쁘다 pretty; art; yes;

old, ancient, old times; instance, example (例 lì); pre-, fore-, ease, comfort, happy (豫yù)예민~ sensitive, keen, sharp; sharpness, acumen, acuteness; > (锐 ruì) sharp, vigor;

옛 old, ancient; 옛날 old days, formerly


오
오 오렌지 orange; 오리 duck; 오 five;
옥 jade, gemstone 玉; prison, jail
온 warm, temperature (溫 wēn); all, whole
올 올챙이 tadpole; 올빼미 tawney owl; 올가미 noose, lasso, snare; strand, ply; 올리다 raise, lift up, increase; offer; this year (올해)
옭 옭다 tie (up), fasten, secure
옮 옮기다 (ㄹ=Ø) move, shift, transfer; transmit (disease); translate, spread; 옮다 be infected, catch;
옳 옳다 right, righteous, just, truthful, correct, exact, accurate, proper, correct
옴 scabies, mange, itch
옷 옷 clothes; 옷가방 suitcase
옹 옹이 knot (wood)


와
와 기와 roof tile
완 완두콩 pea; 완 complete (완전~)
왈 왈츠 waltz; 왈 said, so-called
왕 king; 왕관 crown


왜
왜 why, how
왱 onom.
왝 onom.: urp, ugh; 왝왝~ retch


외
외 outside, foreignonly, isolated, lonely (외롭다) 외치다 shout, yell
왼 left side


요
요 요가 yoga; 요 mattress (kr. floor mattress); 요요 yo-yo;
要 essential, demand; cook;
욕 bath, bathe; abuse, abusive language, curse, shame, insult
용 dragon; use



우
우 우산 umbrella; beef (牛); right side; friend;
욱 ugh
운 운동 exercise; transport, drive, move; luck, fate (運 yùn);

울 || 울다 cry, weep울타리 fence 우울~ gloomy, depressed

움 움직이다 move, budge, change position; work, operate
웃 웃다 laugh, smile; 웃기다 make laugh, be funny
웅 virile, male (雄xióng)


워
워 워어 exclam.
원 원숭이 monkey; 원 circle, round; desire, wish; origin; garden; court, institution; desire
월 moon, month, Monday


웨
웨 웨딩 wedding
웬 a certain, some, what(ever)웬만~ tolerable, fairly good; tolerate
엘 well-being
웹 web (Internet)


위
위 위스키 whiskey; 위 stomach; 위시본 wishbone
윗 윗- upper-
윙 wing; onom: buzz, hum; 윙크 wink



유
유 milk; Europe; exist, existence (有); entice, tempt (誘 yòu); 유리 glass; 유명~ famous
육 meat, flesh; six; land, ground (陸)
윤 shine, gloss, luster (潤 rùn); wheel; rotate, take turns (輪 lún)
율 율동 rhythm; rate, ratio, freq. (率 lǜ); a law, regulation (률) (律 lǜ)


융
융 melt, blend, harmonious (融 róng); 융합 fusion, fuse (融合)
윷 (윷놀다) yut (game)


14 ㅇ (3: 으, 이)

이응


으
으 으로; 으르다 threaten, intimidate, scare
윽 그윽~ deep, delicate; 그윽이 in secret, private, inwardly, in o’s heart; subtle; 윽 yuck
은 silver, money
음 sound, note, tone; drink; yin; φαλλος
을 을지로; 가을 fall, autumn
읊 읊다 chant/sing/write a poem
읍 town, village (邑 yì)
응 yes, mmm; response, e.g. 응급 emergency; congeal, solidify; concentrate attention, stare (凝 níng);


의
의 의자 chair, stool; 의사 doctor; 의- medicine; 의하다, 의해, 의한 be due to; be based on; according to, thanks to; -에 의해 by (passive agent) 의미~ mean, signify, stand for, indicate


이
이 이구아나 iguana; 이발 barber; 이기다 win, beat, overcome; 이르다 early
익 익다 be ripe, mature, done (fruit, grains, boiled/cooked items); skilled, experienced, familiar; used to; to master, become proficient, familiar with;

인 || person; benevolence, virtue, humanity; seal, stamp; 인사~ greet

일 sun, day; work, job, matter; one, first
읽 읽다 read, recite; guess, see, figure
잃 잃다 lose, miss, be deprived of
임 임신 (姙娠: rèn, conceive, be pregnant + shēn, pregnant)assign, appoint, take a post; responsibility; allow (任 rèn);
입 mouth, lips; enter 入; stand 立; 입다 put on, wear; suffer, sustain;
잇 잇다 join, link, connect; continue, keep; inherit, succeed (ㅅ→Ø); → -이어 after; 잇 (slip-)cover;
있 있다
잉 잉어 carp
잊 잊다 forget; put out of one’s mind
잎 잎사위 leaf


15 ㅈ

지읒


자 
자 ruler; letter, character; 자다 sleep
작 작가 writer, author; 작약 peony (芍藥); 작성 draft, prepare, draw up, prepare (作成); make, do 作; 작다 small, short, little;
잔 cup; 잔디 grass, lawn
잖- 잖아요 (e.g., 있잖아요) you know, don’t you know; > -지 않-
잘 well; 자르다 cut off/out/away, sever, amputate, chop (up); = cutting long, thin objects잘다 small, little, fine
잠 sleep
잡 잡다 grasp, grab, seize, catch, hold; 잡지 magazine; 잡mixed, various, misc., to mix (雜 zá): 잡채
장 장어 eel; 장화 galoshes, rainboots; 장 intestine; 장아찌 pickled vegetables
잦 잦다 be frequent
재 재활용 recycling, recycle; 재 ash (담뱃재, 화산재); talent, skill; again, re-, exist (在)
쟁 argue, debate, strive, vie (爭zhēng); 쟁기 plow (farming); gong; zither
쟈


저
저 저녁 evening, dinner; 저울 balance scales, (pair of) scales; 저금통 coin bank, money box, piggy bank (돼지 저금통); 저리다 sore, pain, numb, ache, asleep; 저쪽 that side, over there; 저자 writer, author (著 zhe); low; bottom; we, our, us; they, their, them
적 적신호 red light, warning/danger signal (敵 dí red); 적다 write down, note (down), enter; 적다 few, small
전 Korean flatcake; 전화 telephone;
절 festival, season (節); clause, paragraph, verse (節); cut, slice (切 qiē); (deep) bow; (Buddhist) temple
젊 젊다 young, youthful
점 point, spot; store
접 접시 saucer, plate, dish; 접다 fold, furl; receive, welcome, answer, join (接 jiē);
젓 젓가각 chopstick
정 well (井); stop; correct; order (e.g., 정리 arrange); 정~ decide 定; feeling, affection; really, truly; cold chisel
젖 breast, bosom, breast milk, (젖통) udder
제 제비 a swallow (bird);
제하다 divide, exclude, subtract, deduce; 제 make, manufacture, system (製 zhì); eliminate, get rid of (除chú); carry, propose, raise, offer, provide, (提tí); junior (f.); subject; aid, help, relief (濟 jì); 제트 a jet; 제발;
젤 gel
졔 -


조
조 조개 clam; 조깅 jogging; make, build (造 zào); assist; clause 調 (diào: melody, accent, tone), e.g., 강조 emphasis, stress, highlight
족 foot
존 존귀 nobility; 존John
졸 졸다 doze off; 졸리다 sleepy;
좁 좁다 narrow, small
종 마늘종 garlic shoots/stem; 종 seed; kind; 종이 paper
좆 vulg., =자지 φαλλος
좌 left; seat
좨 -
죄 crime, sin, guilt
죠 -


주
주 주먹 fist; 주머니 pocket; 주방 dining room
죽 rice porridge; 죽순 bamboo shoots;
준 prepare (準 zhǔn); 준 accurate, standard; definitely, certainly; about-to-be, quasi; given;
줄 string, line, queue;

줄기 stem, stalk (plant), cane; stream, tributary, beam, ray 줄다 decrease, diminish; 줄리다 reduce

중 middle; weight
줘 -
쥐 mouse, rat; 다람쥐 squirrel; 쥐다 grasp, grab, hold, take hold of, grip
쥬 -


즈
즈 즈음 about the time (when)
즉 promptly, quick (即jí); 즉시, 즉각 immediately; 즉 namely, that is, i.e.; just, exactly;
즐 즐기다 enjoy, pleasure, have fun; comb, comb teeth, row (櫛 zhì)
증 testify, evidence 증가다 be exhausted, tired


지
지 지네 centipede; 지팡이 (walking) stick, cane;
지 finger; branch; earth; paper; 지다 become; lose, be defeated; 지르다 shout, yell 지우다 delete, remove, erase
직 직박구리 bulbul (bird); 직원 clerk
진 진달래 azalea; 진 advance; e.g., 진화 evolution (bio.); 진하다 strong (flavor), dark, deep, thick, heavy;
질 질문 question; 질 quality, nature, disposition; pudenda [vulgar]; 질소 nitrogen
짐 luggage, baggage, load, cargo, freight; burden, nuisance
집 house; 집다 gather, collect; grasp, pick up
짓 짓다 cook; make, build; make up, fabricate; form; write, compose; to name;
징 punish, reprimand, warn (懲 chéng); characteristic, symptom, phenomenon; request, impose (徵 zhēng)
짙 짙다 deep, dark, thick, heavy, dense, strong (e.g., texture, odor, expression)

16 ㅉ

쌍지읒


짜
짜 짜장면; 짜증 annoyance, irritation; 짜다 weave, knit, put zs.; squeeze, wring out, press; 짜다 salty; stingy, cheap;
짠 salty, e.g., 짠물 saltwater
짝 짝수 even number; pair; mate, spouse; 짝꿍 best friend; 뽕짝 trot music, 트로트; 반짝거리다 twinkle
짧 짧다 short; lacking, brief, insufficient, poor; abbreviated (length, duration)
짱 짱(아)! great!; 베짱이 katydid
째 -째 ordinal numerals, xth 째다 cut into, lance, incise; 째다 tight, too small, pinch; insufficient, in need of
쨍 쨍쨍 sound symbolism: bright sun
쨍 쨍그랑 clink (onom., e.g., glass)
쨔 -
쨰 -


쩌
쩌 쩌쩌 tsk, tsk (?); 쩌렁쩌렁하다 loud, resonating, blaring, shrill
쩝 쩝쩝 onom.: smacking lips
쩡 쩡쩡 snap, crackling
쩨 쩨쩨하다 small-minded, petty, narrow-minded, cheap, stingy
쪄 쪄> 찌다 fatten
쪠 -


쪼
쪼 쪼다 peck (at), chisel
쪽 쪽 side; 쪽지 note, message, slip of paper
쫑 마늘쫑 garlic stems
쫓 쫓다 pursue, chase, run after, trail, track,drive sb/st out/away
쫘 -
쫴 -
쬐 쬐다 shine on/over, warm oneself, bask
쬬 쬬스(떡볶이)


쭈
쭈 쭈꾸미 webfoot octopus, short arm octopus; 쭈그리다 crouch, squat (down)
쭉 straight, directly; 철쭉 (wild) azalea
쭤 -
쮀 -
쮜 -
쮸 -


쯔
쯤 about, around, approx. (numerals)
쯰 -


찌
찌 찌래 stew; 찌다 gain weight, grow, fatten 찌다 be hot, to steam; 찌개찌르다 pierce, stab, prick, prod, poke; nudge; stick (hand into pocket)
찍 찍다 print, stamp, imprint; cut down; chop, hack; thrust, pierce, spear; take photo
찐 찐빵 steamed bun
찜 steamed dish
찔 찔 > 찌르다
찡 -
찢 찢다 tear, rip, split
찧 -

17 ㅊ

치읓


차
차 car; tea; difference, disparity 차다 cold, chilly
착 착하다 good-natured, nice, good착잡~ mixed, uneasy, complicated
착 mistake(n), confused
찬 food, dishes (반찬); praise찬란~ brilliant, splendid; radiant, resplendent
찮 하찮다 trivial, trifling, petty, unimportant
찰 sticky; observe (察 chá)
참 참새 sparrow; 참나무 oak; 참외; 참 participate, attend; 참 really, truly, indeed 참다 be patient, endure, bear, restrain o.s.
찻 찻잔 teacup
창 window; sing
찾 찾다 search, find

채 || vegetable; select, pick, collect, choose, gather (採 cǎi); 채 racket, stick, club; 파리채 flyswatter채우다 fill; 채다 snatch away, run away w.

책 book; plan
챙 챙기다 take, pack; take care of (s.o.) visor, brim (hat); 챙기다 pack (up), take care of/for, look after (s.t./s.o.)
챠 -
챼 -


처
처 처방 prescription, prescribe (處方); 처가 wife's parents, in-laws (妻家); 처 place, office; 처칠 Churchill; 처가 wife’s family’s home
척 spine (척추), back, ridge; closely, tightly; pretend
천 thousand; heaven, sky; cloth; 1000; 천동 thunder; 천장 ceiling
철 temple; iron, steel; wisdom, judgment; season; remove; 철쭉 (wild) azalea
첨 첨성대 (historical observatory in Gyeongju); add, increase (添 tiān"); 첨도 (尖度) kurtosis
첫 the first, new; 첫자 first bus/train
청 청바지 blue jeans; 청소 clearning; 계청; 청동 bronze; 청어 herring; 청 request; listen (聽tīng); membrane, film; govt. office; clean;
체 체리 cherry; 체 strainer, sieve, sifter; body; “face” 체면 體面
첼 첼로 cello
쳐 쳐다보다 gaze, stare, look in direction of;
> 치다 hit; consider, count; set up; put in; remove
쳬 -


초
촛 || 촛불 candlelight, candle flame
초 vinegar; grass (草); 초록(색) (草綠); second; candle; 초콜릿 chocolate
촉 촉각 (sense of) touch
촌 village
총 gun (銃chòng); all, general
촤
촬 gather, little pit; filming, e.g., 촬영
쵀
최 most, ultra; hurry, press, urge, hasten, expedite (催 cuī) 취고 highest
쵸 -


추
추 고추 chili pepper; 추어 mudfish;
추 추다 dance; autumn; ugly; 추석 Chuseok; 추가 addition, addendum;
축 congratulate, celebrate
춘 springtime (春)
충 insect; full, enough (곤충)
출 departure
춤 dancing
춰 -
췌 -
취 취나물 (ligularia?); 취소~ cancel, postpone; 취 ~ intoxicated, drunk;
츄 -


츠
츠 티셔츠 T-shirt
측 side; to lean; survey, measure (測 cè)
층 story, floor; layer, class, stratum
츼 -


치
치 치타 cheetah; 치자 gardenia seeds; 치다 hit, attack; 치마 skirt; 치 tooth;
칙 rule, law, grade, oblique (則 zé)
친 친~ close (to); 친구 friend
칠 seven; 칠판 blackboard
침 saliva; acupuncture needle (침 맞다); 침팬지 chimpanzee


18 Cf. ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅉ

Three-way comparison of key syllables.


ㅈ ㅊ ㅉ
자몽 grapefruit 차 car; tea 짜다 salty; squeeze, wring out, press; 짜장면; 짜증 annoyance, irritation
작가 writer; 작성하다 to draft; 작약 peony; 작다 small 착 good 짝수 even number (짝 = pair, mate)
잔 cup 찬 food (반찬); praise 짠물 saltwater
잠 sleep; 잠그다 to lock 참새 sparrow 짬뽕 jjambong soup
장어 eel; soy sauce 간장 창문 window; sing 짱 best, super, very
재 ash (담뱃재, 화산재); 재활용 recycling 채 vegetable; 파리채 flyswatter 째다 cut, lance, incise
저녁 dinner 처방 prescription; 처가 wife's parents, in-laws (妻家) -
전 pancake 천 thousand, ₩1000; sky, heaven; -
정 a well; 정자 pavilion; 청바지 blue jeans -
제비 a swallow (bird); 체리 cherry; 체 strainer -
조개 clam 초 candle; vinegar; grass; 초록색 green, verdant -
종 (종소리) bell 총 gun, e.g., 물총 마늘쫑 garlic stems / shoots
존귀 nobility; 존 John; zone; 존경 respect, admiration 촌 village -
죄 crime, guilt, sin 최 most -
주먹 fist 추: 고추; 추다 dance; 추석 쭈꾸미 small octopus
쥐 mouse, rat 취나물 ligularia; 취~ drunk -
지네 centipede 치타 cheetah 찌개 stew


19 ㅋ

키읔


카
카 카메라 camera; 카누 canoe; 카레 curry
칸 room, chamber, partition, train car
칼 knife
캄 캄캄하다 very dark, pitch-black; 캄보디아 Cambodia
캐 캐나다 Canada캐다 dig into/up, unearth; probe, pry, inquire (pej.)
캥 캥거루 kangaroo
캬 -
컈 -


커
] 컨 || 컨테이너 (shipping) container
커 커피 coffee; 커닝 cheating; > 크다; 커브 (road) curve) 시커멓다 jet black
컴 컴퓨타
컵 cup; 컵케이크 cupcake
컷 (hair)cut; illustration, artwork; -컷animal gender
케 -
켜 켜다 switch, turn on
켸 -


코
코 nose; 코끼리 elephant
콘 콘센트 power outlet; 콘도르 condor, vulture
콕 prick, poke, sting (콕+찌르다, 쏘다, 쪼다)
콤 -ish (esp. flavor)
콧 코-, e.g., 콧구멍 a nostril
콩 soybean; 콩나물 bean sprouts
콰
콱 roughly, violently, strongly
쾅 bang, thump
쾌 pleasant, refreshing (快), e.g., 상쾌~ fresh, refreshing
쾨 -
쿄 -


쿠
쿠 쿠키 cookie
쿼 -
퀘 -
퀴 퀴즈 quiz
큐 -


크
크 크레용 crayon; 크레파스 (pastel) crayon; 크다 large, grow; 크기 size, volume
큰 big
킈


키
키 key; rudder, helm, steering; (one’s) height 키우다 raise, rear, bread (동물, 식물, 人)

20 ㅌ

티읕


타
타 타조 ostrich
탁 탁자 table; 탁구 table tennis, ping pong
탄 탄 coal, briqueete; 탄소 carbon; bullet, spring; coal; be born
탈 escape, take off (脫 tuō)
탉 수탉 rooster, 암탉 hen
탐 search, spy (探 tàn)
탓 탓 reason, fault, blame; 은/는 탓에 due to (adversative)
탕 soup, hot water
태 태블릿 tablet (mobile device); 태몽 pregnancy dream; 태 great(est), large; 태우다 give a ride; burn
택 taxi (택시); 택~ choose, select, pick (out), option, alternative (擇 zé); residence (宅 zhái), 택배
탯 태-, e.g., 탯줄 umbilical cord
탸 -
턔 -


터
터 site, place (e.g., 빵굼티); (...할) 터이다 intention, intend, expect; 터지다 explode; break out
턱 chin; 턱수염 beard
털 wool, fur, body hair; 깃털 feather; 털다 dust, brush (off/down) (e.g., furniture); empty; rob, steal, burglarize
텃 텃밭 family / veg. garden
테 테니스 tennis
텐 텐트 tent; 텐데(요) should (conjecture, expectation)
텔 텔레비전
텨 -
톄 -


토
토 토마토 tomato; 토끼 rabbit; 토 soil, land; discuss; 토하다 vomit
톱 saw
통 can, box, tub, tube; 통~ go thru, circulate, communicate, conduct (通); -통해 via, thru; 통 pain, intense; whole, bulk
톼 -
퇘 -
퇴 retreat, leave (退 tuì)
툐 -


투
투 외투 overcoat; 투표 ballot, vote; 사
fight, struggle, condemn, contend, put together (鬥, 鬪, 斗 dòu); throw, send, invest (投 tóu); cover, wrap; penetrate, thru, appear (透 tòu) →
불 투명~ opaque; uncertain, unclear, ambiguous
퉈 -
퉤 -
튀 튀다 spatter, splash, splatter; bounce; 튀기다 fry, pop; 튀김
튜 -


트
트 트림하다 burp, belch; 트루트 trot music 트다 bud, sprout, germinate; be/get chapped; dawn; open, meet (kennen­-lernen)
튼 튼튼하다 strong, sturdy
특 special
튼 chapped, e.g., 튼손
틀 틀다 twist, turn; 틀리다 be mistaken, wrong, incorrect, error; 틀림 mistake, error, fault, discrepancy틀림없다 sure, certainframe, pattern, mold; shape, outline
틈 a crack, gap, break, crevice; (spare) time; chance, opportunity
틔 -


티
티 티셔츠 T-shirt; particle, (speck of) dust, dirt; flaw, defect

21 ㅍ

피읖


파
파 green onion; 파리 fly; 파란 blue/greento break; a wave; branch 파다 dig, excavate, burrow; carve
판 판다 panda; 판 board, plank (판자); printing; sell; judge; (k) place, situation
팔 arm; eight; 팔다 sell
팥 (dry farm) field; 豆沙
패 실패 spool (of thread); 패션 fashion, style, look; 패다 break (wood) to pieces, chop, split, beat; be dug or hollowed out 패하다 lose, be defeated
팩 팩스 fax
팽 팽이 top (spinning toy);
퍄 -
퍠 -


퍼
퍼 퍼센트 percent; 퍼지다 spread out, widen, broaden, propagate, prevail, multiply (abstract, non-tangible things, e.g., rumor, smell)
펭 펭귄 penguin
펴 펴다 unfold, spread, lay out, open, straighten, press, smooth (out) (e.g., paper, wrinkles), stretch (out), extend
편 편지 letter; slice, piece, mail (片); side; means; 편~ convenient, comfortable, relaxed;
펼 펼치다 open, unfold, stretch out, spread (e.g., wings) 펼쳐지다 spread, be held, lie open
평 flat, even; peaceful, ordinary; critique, assess(ment), evaluation, criticism
폐 lung; to close, closed; abolish(ed);


포
포 포크 fork; 포도 grape
폭 폭포 waterfall; 폭 explode
퐈 -
퐤 -
푀 -
표 ticket; chart; surface; manifest; 표현~ express, show


푸
푸 푸다 scoop, ladle, spoon (out/up)
푹 푹발~ explode, busrt; 푹 sinking deeply, stuck; thorough(ly), hard, thru, completely, entirely, fast, soundly, deep(ly), sharply
풀 grass; paste, starch, glue 풀다 untie, undo, untangle, unfasten, unpack; unbutton, open, unwrap; relax, loosen, unwind; solve; resolve; release, lift, remove; send out; (코를) blow one’s nose
풋 풋- unripe, green (e.g., 풋고추)
품 goods, article; grade
풍 wind; scenery; customs;
풔 -
풰 -
퓌 -
퓨 -


프
프 (계란) 프라이 fried (e.g., egg); 아프다 sick, painful; 플랑스 France
픠


피
피 blood; skin; avoid, escape; 피자 pizza; 피다 bloom, blossom; spread (by flattening), straighten, flatten; open (book)
필 necessary; certainly, inevitably; pen, writing (笔, 筆)


22 ㅎ

히읗


하
하 하마 hippopotamus; 하트 heart shape; 하키스틱 hockey stick; 下; 河 river (hé); 하늘 sky
학 학 crane (bird) (鶴); 學
한 한자 Chinese character; 韓; 漢; one, same
할 cut, divide (割 gē)
핥 핥다 lick
함 small box, case (割 hé)
합 unite, join, together; union
핫 핫도그 hotdog, corndog
항 port, harbor
해 sun, sunlight; year; harm, damage, injury (害); sea, ocean
핵 nucleus, pit, stone; (核 hé)
행 행구다 rinse; 행 go, act, way; row, series (行 háng)fortune; to face; province, hometown
햐 -
향 fragrance, fragrant; 향~, 향해 face, facing, bound for
햬 -


허
허 허리띠 belt; 허리 waist, lower back
헌 constitution; to offer; (k) used, old; 헌금 offering, collection (church)
험 시험 examine, test; 험하다 rough, tough, rugged, hard, dangerous, perilous; sly, wily, underhanded; foul-mouthed
헐 헐다 (clothes) wear out; demolish, tear down; 헐렁하다 loose, loose-fitting, baggy
헛 헛개 (tea of) oriental raisin tree (hovenia dulcis)
헤 헤게모니 hegemony; 헤지펀드 hedge fund; 헤매다 wander, roam
헷 헷갈리다 be confused
헹 헹구다 wash, rinse
혀 tongue (舌 shé?)
혁 leather
현 현금 cash;
혈 blood;
혐 harmony, union
협 threaten; assist, jointly
형 shape, form; model, type; 兄 elder brother
혜 혜성 comet


호
호 호두 walnut; 호랑이 tiger; number; good; call, exhale; 혹lump, bump; severe; confuse (惑 huò); 가혹~ severe, harsh
혼 marriage; mix, confused; 혼자
홀 홀수 odd number; 홀 hall; 홀로 single, alone
홍 홍차 black tea
화 화약 gunpowder; 화 fire, anger; flower; picture, drawing; talk, story; harmony, peace; change; -(iz)ation
확 check, confirm; certain; correct, real, true, authentic (確 què); enlarge확인 confirm; 확고~ firm(ness), determination, solid, unwavering
환 exchange; return; suffer (from), contract (illness) (患huàn)환대 hospitality, warm, cordial 환하다 light, bright (e.g., daytime), radiant; clear, open

활 || live, lively, alive; 활짝 wide (open), in full bloom/blossom

황 emperor; huge; desolate; situation; sulfur; yellow (黃), e.g., 황사
홰 perch > 횃대
홱 suddenly, quickly, vigorously, w/ a jerk
회 meeting, gather; return; 회색 gray
획 계획plan, schedule, program (劃 huà: transfer, plan, assign; character stroke)
횡 횡 cross, traverse, crossing 횡령 embezzle(ment), misappropriation

(> 橫 héng/hèng, sideways, horizontal, flagrant; unexpected, perverse)

효 발효 fermentation; 효 effect, efficacy, imitate (效 xiào); filial piety


후
후 후추 black pepper; 후각 (sense of) smell
훈 teach, admonish
훔 훔치다 steal, pilfer
훌 코를 훌쩍이다/거리다 sniff, sniffle; 훌렁하다(/거리다) loose (clothing)
훑 훑다 strip off, scrub (out), remove
훠 -
훼 -
휘 휘파람 (불다) whistle
휘 어휘vocabulary, lexicon (彙 huì ‘gather, converge, transfer); wield, direct
휴 rest
흉 evil, unlucky, terrible, fearful (兇 xiōng); (kr) scar, flaw


흐
흐 흐리다 cloudy, blurry; 흐르아 flow, run; pass, go by, elapse
흔 흔들다, 흔들리다 shake, wave, rock, sway, tremble; 마흔 forty
흑 black, dark 黑
흘 흘리다 drop, shed (object, tears, etc.); 흘기다 look askance, give a sidelong glance / scowl
흙 soil, earth, dirt, ground, mud, clay (ㄹ=Ø)
흡 inhalation (吸 xī), 흡기
흥 흥분~ overly excited;
fun, prosper, popular; permit; (興 xīng); 흥미하다 have interest in; 흥미롭다 interesting, exciting, attractive, amusing
흩 흩다 scatter (about), strew, disperse; 흩어지다 scatter, be scattered, disperse, litter(ed)
희 rare, scarce; pleasure; 희다 white, fair gray
흰 흰색 white


히
히 히터 heater; 히브리 Hebrew
힌 힌두 Hindu
힐 investigate, restrain, scold (詰 jié)
힘 strength (physical), energy
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