Korean syllabary

Korean syllables

===자음 [子音]:=== ㄱ ㄲㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ

===모음 [母音]:=== ㅏㅐㅑㅒ ㅓㅔㅕㅖㅗㅘㅙㅚㅛ ㅜㅝㅞㅟㅠㅡㅢ ㅣ

1 ㄱ

1.1 가

가지 eggplant; 가시 thorn, prickle; fish bone

각 각(도) angle [角]; 각주 footnote

간 liver

갈릴매기 gull;

색 brown; 갈다 grind, sharpen

감persimmon; feel, feeling; 감자 potato

다 close (eyes); wind (up), coil

갑갑 case, box, packet; e.g., 지갑 wallet, coin purse; 장갑 glove

값price, worth, value

갓fresh, brand new, e.g., 갓난 아기 infant; bamboo / horsehair hat, e.g., 삿갓=== ===

강river; strong

갖갖다, 갖은 prepare, be equipped w.; (have) all kinds of, every, complete

같같이, 같다

개dog; open

갱gang(ster)

객guest

1.2 거

거북기 turtle; 거울 mirror;

걱 주걱 spatula, rice paddle; 걱정 (하다) worry, anxiety;

건소건 towel; 건 dry; build, establish

걷걷다 walk

걸걸레 rag mop (대걸레, 자루걸레); Schlampe; 걸다 / 걸리다

검검다, 검은색 black

겁fear, cowardice, fright, timid (겁나다) [怯 qiè]

것것 thing; -것댜 tag Q; I think/suppose

겆

겉surface, face, exterior, outer, right side; unhulled grain

게 crab

겨겨 grain/rice husks/hulls, chaff, bran; 겨울 winter겨드랑이 armpit

격frame; class; case (gram.) [格 gé

겪겪다 experience, undergo

견견과 nut;애견 pet [犬quǎn]; 견인 to tow (car) [牵引 qiānyîn]

겯

결knot, tie, bind [結 jié]; grain, texture; disposition, temper; decide 決 [결정~]; 결혼~ marry

겹layer

겻

경mirror, -scope [鏡jìng]; scriptures, classics

1.3 고

고릴라 gorilla; 고양이 cat; 고 warehouse, storage [庫kù]

곡계곡 valley [zh]; 곡식 grain;

곤곤돌라 gondola; 곤봉 club, cudgel; 곤색 navy, dark blue

곧곧다 be straight (length), upright;곧 soon

골valley; goal (sports) 시골 countryside

곰bear

곱곱창 fried intestines; 봅셈, 곱~ multiplication;

곱다 beautiful, pretty, lovely, nice; warm / kind(-hearted), good-natured; soft, smooth; numb (from cold)

곳 place, spot, seat

공ball; peacock [공작, 孔雀]; zero

곶곶감 dried persimmon

과fruit; past, pass, cross [過]

곽city wall [郭 guō]; outer coffin [槨 guǒ];

관tube, pipe; (public) building;

광shine, brightness; wide, broad

괴strange괴롭다 painful, distressing, hard; awkward

굉굉장~ wonderful, great, amazing, magnificent, excellent; 굉 [宏 hóng] great

교teach(ing), school; bridge

1.4 구

구름 cloud; mouth, hole (구멍); nine; 구슬 marble

국soup; nation

군military, soldier

굳굳다 hard, stiff, strong; tight; solemn

굽굽다 roast, grill, barbecue [ㅂ→Ø]; 굽다 curve, bend, crooked [ㅂ↛Ø]

굿굿 shamanistic ritual or exorcism

굴oyster; cave, tunnel (동굴)

굵굵다, 굵은, 굵기 thick (e.g., liquid); big, fat, deep, large, stout [ㄹ==Ø]

궁palace 宮;

권volume, book, document, ticket 卷

귀ear; 귀뚜라미 cricket

규규소 silicon; regulation, scale, rule, pattern [規 guí]

균germ, virus [菌 jūn], 균류 fungus

귤clementine

1.5 그

그내 swing;

그릇 bowl, dish, plate, container; 그림 painting, picture; 그리다 draw, paint;

극drama; pole, extreme

근root 根; muscle [筋 jīn]

글writing, composition; letter, character

긁긁다 scratch, claw, scrape; scrape, gather up

금gold

급sharp (e.g., curve); class, grade; urgent, fast 급~ urgent, pressing; [急 jí] anxious, urgent, priority

1.6 기

기린 giraffe; 기 machine [기계]

긴tense, tight [緊jǐn];긴장 [緊張] nervous, tense; long

김seaweed laver

길road

깊깊다 deep (e.g., water); bottomless, remote, isolated; profound; bad, serious

2 ㄲ

2.1 까

까치; 까마귀 crow; 까다 peel, husk, crack; 까다롭다 difficult, fussy 까맣다 black; complete (까만게)

깐잠깐 for a short time

깍깍두기 cubed radish kimchi

깎깎이 sharpener, peeler, e.g., 연필깎이, 손톱깎이; 깎다 peel, shave, cut, sharpen; discount

깔깔때기 funnel;깔다 spread, stretch, lay out (by layering, in layers) (e.g., carpet; sitting); pave, cover깔끔~ neat, tidy

깜깜짝 startled, shock; 깜박 blink

깝아깝다 regrettable, pitiable; precious, dear, worthy 가깝다 near(by), close 깝- frivolous(ly), e.g., 깝신거리다 act thoughtlessly, frivolously

깡깡통 tin can

깨sesame; 깨끗~ clean깨다 wake up, awake; sober up; break, smash;

깽깽깽 moan, whimper (onom.)

2.2 꺼

꺼내다 take / pull / bring out, remove

꺾꺾다 break, snap off; fold; turn, bend [타]꺾쇠 clamp, cramp iron

껌gum

껍껍데기 shell (e.g., mollusk, nut), skin, rind, crust, husk껍질 peel, rind, bark, skin, hull, shell

껏with all possible _; as far/much as possible, to the utmost, as hard as one can (e.g., 힘껏)

껑뚜껑 lid

께DAT-HON.; -께 about, around

2.3 꼬

꼬막 cockle (shellfish); 꼬치 skewered meat 꼬다 twist, bend; 꼬리 tail꼬끼오 rooster sound

꼭꼭지 tap, faucet;

exactly, precisely, just; firmly, tightly, fast; surely, by all means;

꼴fodder; shape, form; personal appearance, countenance

꼼꼼꼼~ meticulous, precise, exact; 꼼치 grassfish, snailfish

꼿

꼽꼽다 to count (on fingers), mention

꽁end, tail; 꽁초 end, butt (e.g. cigarette);꽁치 mackerel pike

꽂꽂이 stand, rack, shelf꽂다 stick in/thru s.t., insert

꽃flower

꽈

꽝우스꽝스럽다 ridiculous, funny

꽉tightly, fast, firmly; fully, close, compact (fill)

꽤quite, pretty

꾀꾀다 to tempt, allure, entice, seduce

2.4 꾸

꾸다 dream꾸미다 decorate; invent, fabricate

꾼one occupied / engaged with, e.g., 사양꾼 hunter

꿀honey

꿇꿇다 kneel (down)

꿈dream

꿩pheasant

뀌

꿰꿰다 to thread, to pass/run thru

2.5 끄

끄다 put out, extinguish, turn off부끄럽다 shy; ashamed, shameful, embarrassed 시끄럽다 noisy, loud

끈string, cord (e.g., shoelace)

끊끊다 turn off, cut off, sever; abstain from, stop, hang up

끌chisel; 끌다 drag, pull, haul; prolong; draw

끓끓다 boil [차], 끓이다 [타]

끔끔벅~ flicker, waver, twinkle; wink, blink;끔짝~ terrible, awful 라끔 sometimes, occasionally

꼽꼽등이 camel/cave cricket

끗끗수 points, score; 깨끗~ clean

끝end, finish; 끝나다

2.6 끼

끼니 (small) meal; 끼다 insert, wrap, pull over/on, wear, put on; hold in arms;

3 ㄴ

3.1 나

나비 butterfly; 나방 moth; 나무 tree;

낙낙타 camel; [樂] fall(ing)

난naan; 난초 orchid

날 blade; 날다 to fly

낡낡다 old (objects, cf. 늙-); shabby, old-fashioned, obsolete [ㄹ==Ø]

남 male; south; 남다 remain

납납 lead [Pb]; 사납다 wild, violent, fierce, aggressive; stormy

낫낫다 be better (than), superior; get better, get well, recover

낭 sack, purse, pouch [囊 náng]

낮day, daytime; 낮다 low, flat; humble

낯face, countenance낯익다 familiar; 낯살다 unfamiliar

낱 낱개 a piece, unit, item, each, individual

낳낳다 give birth, bear; produce, yield

내inside, internal; 내다 give, put; hand in; pay; do s.t. thru, get s.t. done

냄냄비 pot, pan; 냄새 smell

냉cold

냥사냥~ hunt; 사냥꾼 hunter

3.2 너

너구리 raccoon;너트 nut (mech.)

넉넉넉~, 넉넉하게enough, sufficient

넋

넌넌더리 (나다) disgusted, fed up, sick of

널널다 stretch, spread out, hang (out) (e.g., clothes);

널(짠지) board, plank, shingle

넓 넓다 be wide, broad, roomy, spacious

넘넘다 pass (over/thru) [spat./temp.], cross, go over/across; exceed, pass, go/be over넘치다 overflow, brim over넘기다 pass; pass / turn (over), hit over; turn (page) 넘어지다 fall (down), trip

넣 넣다 put s.t. in, fill

네네온 neon; 네 yes; four; 네거 film negative

녀female

녘

년 year, age

념think, thought, memorial

녜

3.3 노

old, elderly; 노란색, 로랗다 yellow; 노래 song

녹 녹색 green; 녹다 melt, dissolve, thaw; warm up

논 discuss

놀 놀다 play, relax, hang out w.

놈 fellow (neg.)

놋놋쇠 brass

농 agricultural, farm

높높다 be high

놓놓다 lay, put, place; release, let go; keep

놔

놰

뇌brain

뇨

3.4 누

누룽지 crisped rice; 누나 older sister; 누르다 push, press; suppress 누구? who?

눅눅다 fall, come, drop down; warm up; soft, limp; damp

눈eye; snow

눌눌리다 (>눌다) be pressed down, oppressed, squished; burned, scorched

눕눕다 lie down, recline

눠

눼

뉘unhulled rice; paddy; 뉘앙스 nuance

뉴뉴스; New York

3.5 느

느릅나무 elm tree느끼하다 greasy, oily 느리다 slow, sluggish 느끼다 feel, find, sense, experience; 느낌 impression, feeling; -느라고 due to, because of (V-stem+~)

늑늑대 wolf; 늑골 rib

는[topic / contrast marker]

늘 바늘 sewing needle, pin; 늘다 increase, improve; grow, gain, multiply; make progress; 를리다 lengthen, extend, stretch (e.g., a band); 늘 always, all the time

늙늙다 be/grow old, age (persons, cf. 낡-) [ㄹ: Ø]

늦늦다 be late; slow, tardy, delayed

능 able, ability; angle, edge

늬

3.6 니

니켈 nickel; 니코틴 nicotine

님 VOC-HON.

4 ㄷ

4.1 다

다리 bridge; 다many, much; 다치다 be hurt, wounded 다하다 run out; carry out, fulfill

닥닥치다 shut up!

닦닦다 clean, wipe, polish, wash

단단팥; 단호박 pumpkin; 단무지 yellow radish; 단 step, section; single, unit;

닫닫다 shut, close (door, shop); 닫히다 be closed

달moon; 달팽이 snail; 달다 sweet, sugary; hoist, hang (up), install, wear, put on; weigh

닳닳다 wear out/off/down, be rubbed off/down

닭chicken

닮닮다 resemble, look like

담담 wall, fence, Mauer; phlegm, sputum; congestion; gallbladder; courage, pluck, nerves; converse, conversation

담다 put, fill, hold; 담기다 be in, be put in (stative), has, contain

답답답하다 stuffy; 답다 be like, worthy of; 답reply;

닷==다섯

당당나귀 donkey;sugar; hall; faction, party; 당근 carrot 당기다 pull s.t.

닻anchor

닿닿다 touch, reach; come into contact w.; get to; arrive at, reach

대bamboo; belt; pole, stalk, stem, rod, cane;

great; opposite; facing; to treat대다 put, touch; [V+~] do s.t. extremely대하디 treat; concerning, about

댁residence, home [宅 zhái]

댐dam

댕오댕

4.2 더

더덕 (root); 더럽다 dirty; 더미, 산더미 pile, stack, heap of s.t.; 더하다 add (+); 더 more; 더운 hot, warm;

덕goodness, kindness, mercy, virtue 德

덖덖다 parch, roast (beans, coffee); be stained w. dirt, soiled

던던지다 throw, hurl, fling, cast, toss; vote; project-던 pluperfect, past habitual (?)

덜less, little, incompletely, insufficiently, half-덜다 subtract, deduct; decrease, lessen, ease, mitigate; 덜미 scrape/scruff of neck

덤extra, addition(al)

덥덥다 be warm, hot

덧덧붙이다 add; 덧대다 add, join, place, attach (one layer over another)

덩덩이 lump, mass, clod

덫snare, trap (e.g., mousetrap)

덮덮개 cover, bedspread, book cover; 덮다 to cover (i.e., wide, fully, extensively)

데데다 be burned, burn oneself, scalded; bitter experience

덱 deck

덴덴마크 Denmark

4.3 도

도토리 acorn; 도마 cutting board; 도마뱀 lizard;

독poison [毒 dú]; reading; Germany; 독~ strong, pungent, potent; spiteful; firm, dogged

돈money

돋돋다 come up, rise (sun); grow up, sprout (싹)

돌stone; collide; sudden; 돌다 turn around, rotate

돕돕다 help, assist; relieve

동move: 동영상 video; 동작 move, movement; 동아리 club, society, group; ice [凍 dòng]; winter; 동물 animal;

move; east; copper; same, together; move; building, street, block, village; reason, logic; bunch, load

돼돼지 pig; > 되다

되back, again, repeated;

되다 be done, finished, become; result in; come to; grow, thrive, prosper; consist of; able to do, will do; act as

된뒨장 soybean paste

4.4 두

tofu, soy; head; two, couple; 두루미 crane (bird)

둑bank, levee

둔 blunt; dull, stupid [鈍 dùn]

둘two; 둘째 second;

둥둥지 nest; 둥글다, 둥근 round, spherical

뒤뒤(쪽) back, rear; succession; later 못뒤다 bad, mean

됫됫길 backstreet, byroad

듀

4.5 드

드럼 drum; 드리다 offer, give, present;

득가득 full; benefit, advantage, gain, interest, good, profit [得 dé]; 가득~ crammed, full

든든든~ reassured, reliable, confident; full -든(지) either...or, whether...or; any, -ever

듣듣다 hear

들들깨 perilla; 들판 field, wild

들다 enter; cost; become; carry, lift

듬

등light, lamp; the back; class, grade

4.6 디

D, disk

5 ㄸ

5.1 따

따다 pick, pluck; open, unlock; win, get, gain; 따갑다 prickly, hot, stinging; 따르다 follow; pour (in); 따로 separately, independently; 따뜻~ warm

딱딱따구리 woodpecker;딱딱~ hard (texture), firm, stiff; 딱 w. bang, snap; positively, flatly; 딱지 scab; stamp, sticker

딴 different

딸 daughter

땀 sweat

땅 ground, land, eath

때dead skin, dirt; time, moment;때리다 beat, hit; 때로 sometimes, occasionally;

땡clang, ring, bell sound

떄

5.2 떠

떠나다 start out, leave, depart

떡 떡; 어떡하다

떤 어떤 which, what, how

떨 떨림 shaking (body, etc.), vibration; 떨다 shake, quiver, tremble; remove, shake off (떨내다); cf. 떨어지다 떨아지다 fall, drop; fail; run out;

떫떫다 astringent, puckery, bitter, sour

떳떳떳~ honorable, blameless

떻어떻다, 어떻게 how, like what

떼떼다 take off, detach, pull off, remove;떼 group, swarm, crowd, throng, pack, flock, herd

뗘

뗴

5.3 또

also, again, and, too, both...and

똑 똑똑~ clever, bright, intelligent; 똑똑 (adv./onom.) knock; drip;똑 just, exactly, right

똥 dung

똬

뙈

뙤

뚀

5.4 뚜

뚜껑 lid; 메뚜기 locust, 귀뚜라미 cricket

뚝with a (heavy) snap, thud; suddenly, unexpectedly뚝뚝 onom.: raindrops 뚝배기 earthenware bowl

뚫뚫다 to bore, drill (hole), penetrate

뚱뚱뚱이 fatso, 뚱뚱~;

엉뚱~ strange, odd, eccentric

뚸

뛔

뛰뛰다 run, dash; jump, leap, skip, swing, beat뛰어나다 outstanding, good

뜀running

뜌

5.5 뜨

뜨다 float; float (by) [in air/water]; rise, come (up); knit; leave, move on; scoop up, ladle out 뜨다 open (one’s eyes)뜨겁다 hot, burning

뜬 floating, drifting

뜯뜯다 tear off, pluck; bite, graze;

뜸moxibustion (Oriental medicine)

뜻 meaning, intention, mind; 뜻~ mean, indicate, refer to;

띄

5.6 띠

belt, band, sash; zodiac sign 띠다 wear (belt)

6 ㄹ

6.1 라

라면 ramen; 리마 lama; 라디오 radio

락 락스bleach; fall, omit, scatter [낙, 落 luò]; NP-락 말락 on the brink/verge of; NP-락 and, or [?] (correlative?)

란egg; order, chaos [난, 亂 luàn]-(이)란 as for X; is called, (das) heißt; NP~ that is, that (which is) is named/called; generic topic NP; XP~? was heißt? [PP > -(이)라고 하는]

람람바다 lambada

랍랍비 rabbi; 랍소디 rhapsody;

랑 신랑 bridegroom; (이)랑as for, and, with, etc. + topic 자랑 boast, brag, show off

랗커다랗다 big, large, huge;동그랗다 round; (-을) 동그랗게 around

래come, coming오래다 long time

랭랭크되다, 랭킹 rank; 랭 cool; 무말랭이 dried sliced radish

랴

략전략 strategy;abbreviate(d), summary, plan, simplify

량car, carriage, e.g., 차량 [輛 liàng];volume, quantity, amount, capacity, supply, to measure [量 liáng]涼 [liáng/liàng] cool; disappointed, discouraged; e.g., 황량~ bleak, desolate

6.2 러

러너 runner; 러닝 running race; 러닝머신 treadmill; 러시아 Russia -러 [purpose clause + motion verbs];

럭럭비 rugby

런런던 London; 런치 luncheon; 이런/그런 such, like, that kind of; 뉴런 neuron

럴그럴듯~ plausible, specious; decent;

럼rum

럽시럽 syrup; hunt, field, sports [ 獵 liè] -스럽다 seems, be like, suggest; -ish 더럽다 dirty

렁지렁이 earthworm; 우렁이 freshwater snail; 설렁탕 oxtail soup;

렇그렇다 [르래] so, such; true이렇다, 이렇게 like this, so저렇다 like that 누렇다 (golden/dirty) yellow; pale (sickly) yellow

레레몬 lemon수레 wagon, cart, shopping cart, handcart, wheelbarrow

렌렌즈 lens; 렌즈콩 lentil; 렌치 wrench;

려고려 Goryeo dynasty; -려 be about to +V; -려나 I wonder +S-려고 in order to [+action verbs]

력달력 calendar [曆 lì ]; strength, power [力]; experience [歷 lì]

련practice, train [연] 세련되다 refined, sophisticated

렬강렬~ strong, intense, mighty; 렬 [烈 liè] strong, fierce

렴 honest, moderate [염]

렵 어렵다 difficult, hard 두렵다 fearful, afraid, terrified;hunt, field, sports [ 獵 liè]

렷뚜렷하다 clear, distinct, plain, evident, definite, obvious, apparent차렷 attention(!)

령대통령 president; 고령 old age;neck, collar [領 lǐng]; lead, command [영]; Spirit

례rite, ceremony [禮lĭ] instance, case, example, usual [例lì]

6.3 로

로켓 rocket; 路 road; 로마 Rome; 로비 lobby; 로커locker;

록green; minutes, record, register, diary [녹] [錄 lù]

론discuss

롤 roll; 롤러 roller, squeegee

롭-롭다 characterized by 해롭다 harmful, bad 외롭다 lonely

롱 play with [농]; room salon [sic]

롸

뢰depend on [e.g., 신뢰 faith] [賴lài]

뢔

뢰thunder

료material (자료, 재료), estimate [料 liào]; finish, achieve, understand [了] (수료)

룡 공룡 dinosaur

6.4 루

-루 base (baseball); 루비 ruby; 지루하다 boring; bored; dull, tedious, tiresome 루주 rouge, lipstick; 루블 ruble

룩거룩 holy, divine, sacred;

룰rule

뤄

뤠

뤼

류stream, flow [流liú]; kind, sort, style, type, manner, system; papers, documents

륙continent, land mass [陸]

륭훌륭~ excellent, great, magnificent; great, grand, lofty; honorable, admirable [隆 lóng]; 흥륭~ prosperity, prosper, flourish

6.5 르

그르다, 그름 wrong, incorrect; hopeless;다르다 different 흐르다 flow, run; 부르다 full푸르다 blue, azure, green 르네상스 Renaissance; 장르 genre

른오른(쪽) right side

름기름 oil

릎무릎 knee

릐

6.6 리

리모진 limo bus; 리마 콩 lima beans; 리본 ribbon

린린스 rinse (hair)

림 삼림 forest; 아이스크림 ice cream

립림 stand, establish [立]; 그립다 long for, miss

7 ㅁ

7.1 마

마늘 garlic; 마을 village, hamlet; 마루 (wooden) floor; 마치다 end, finis

막end, last; desert; curtain; 막다 clog, block; stop, prevent; enclose,

맏firstborn

만(₩)10,000; full; only; bay, gulf

많많이

맏 first born, eldest

말horse; end; language, speech, word, talk; 말다 stop, skip, break off; roll (up)

맑맑다 clear, clean, pure; sunny

맛taste, flavor

망net; 망치 hammer

맞맞다 be correct, agree, fit; be hit, struck, beaten; get acupuncture [침]; greet, welcome, receive; face a certain time; ...맞아 over, during

맡맡다 smell, sniff at, sense; keep, take charge of, take on; be in charge; 맡기다 entrust, leave

매매실 green plum; 매 sour plum; hawk; whip, rod, cane; sell, buy; 매미; 매다 tie, fasten, wear

맥산맥 mountain range; 동맥 artery; 맥 vein (of ore); pulse

맨bare, unprotected, nothing but; the very, the most, at the very front; 맨션 mansion;

맵맵다 spicy

맹blind; plain, bland

맺맺다 tie (up), knot; bear (fruit); conclude, finish, close

7.2 머

머리 head, hair;

먹eat, make, suffer; ink (中國, 인도)

먼먼지 dust; 먼저 first (of all); previously

멀멀다 be far; 멀리 far away, distant

멈멈추다 stop, halt

멋a show, relish, taste; 멋싰다, 멋지다

멍멍 bruise, contusion멍하다 blank, stupified멍멍 onom.

7.3 메

메뚜기 locust; 메뉴 menu;메기 catfish; 메달 medal

멧멧돼지 wild boar

며 며칠 what day?

멱

면surface, face, side, aspect; noodle; cotton

멸destroy, exterminate

명name, famous; bright, clear; command

몇 some, several; how many / much / far

7.4 모

모기 mosquito; rice spout, seedling; mother; angle [kr]; 모으다 gather, collect [타], 모이다 [자]

목neck, throat; eye, item [目]; wood, tree

몪몪다 tie, bind

몬몬순 monsoon

몰몰다 steer, drive, chase, pursue, run after; to corner; charge, accuse w. crime; 몰 lack, sink [沒]; 몰라요 > 모르다 not know

몸body

못nail, peg; callous, corn; pond, pool; 못~ cannot, not, incapable; poor; inferior 뭇지않다 not as X as, not inferior

몽dream

뫼grave, tomb

묘grave; mystery, wonder묘~ odd, strange

7.5 무

무 radish

묵bean / grain jelly [e.g., 도토리묵]silent; 목다 old, antiquated; stop, lodge at

문문 door; 문어 octopus letter, writing; question

묻묻다 ask, question, inquire; smear, stain; bury, conceal, hide

물water; 물다 bite, sting; hold s.t. in one’s mouth; pay, repay

묽묽다 watery; weak; thin

뭇bunch, bundle; various

뭉 뭉치다 (form a) mass, lump, mass; unite, stand, get together

뭐what

7.6 므

므낫세 Manasseh

믜

7.7 미

미나리 water dropwort / parsely; 미 beauty; taste; rice; 미치다 be/go crazy

믹믹서 mixer

민people, tribe

믿맏다 believe, trust; rely on

밀secret; 밀다 push

밉밉다 detestable, hateful, odious

밋

및and (also), both...and

밑 bottom, below, lower, base, underneath; lower, subordinate

8 ㅂ

8.1 바

바나나 banana; 바퀴벌레 cockroach;

바퀴 wheel; 바구니 basket; 바탕 background; 바라다 wish, desire; 바르다 apply, put on

박gourd; 박다 hammer, drive (into), ram

밖outside

반half; opposite

받쓰레받기 dustpan; 받다 receive;

발foot, step; depart, rise> 바르다 upright; right, correct; cover, plaster, spread, apply, put on (topically)

밝밝다 bright, light, brilliant, to dawn;밝히다 reveal, disclose; light

밟밟다 step on

밤chestnut; night

밥rice

밧밧줄 rope

방room; defend

밭(dry) field, farm

배pear; ship; belly

백white; 100; (양)배추 white cabbage

뱀snake

뱃> 배

뱅뱅이

뱉뱉다 spit (at/out)

8.2 버

버섯 mushroom; 버팔로 buffalo; 버릇 habit; manners; 버리다 throw away;

벅벅차다 hard to manage, too much, beyond one’s power; full n

번번개 lightning, thunderbolt; 번빵 bun;번 number, repeat; change, shift, alternate; MW iterations [番 fān]

벋

벌벌bee, wasp; 벌레 bug, worm;벌다 make, earn (money); 벌리다 open, spread (by pulling apart or separating)

범 범인, 범죄자 criminal 표범 leopard; (범== tiger, tigress)

범하다 commit (error, mistake);

ordinary, common, mundane, temporal (평범~) [凡 fán]; pan- (all), general; offense; pattern, master;

법law, rule, method

벗벗다take off, remove, undress

벙벙커 bunker; 벙어리 mute, speech-impaired; 벙벙~ stunned, dumbfounded

벚벚꽃 cherry blossom; 벚나무 cherry tree

베베다 rest, lay one’s head on; 베다 cut, slice, (e.g., finger), mow; [erg./passive/adversative]베개 pillow

밴van

뱅뱅어 whitebait fish

8.3 벼

rice plant; paddy

벽wall, partition; habit > 버릇

변변하다 change, alter; 변 dung, feces; accident

별star; another, other, particular [别]

볍볍씨 rice seed; 가볍다, 가볍게 light, simple, gentle, easy; frivolous(ly), careless; minor, mild

병bottle, jar; disease, sic

8.4 보

gem, jewel, precious stone [寶 bǎo]; step, walk;

report; see; try; protect; beam, girder; assistant, supplementary

복복숭아 peach; duplicate, copy [复 fù]; clothes; blessing, fortune, happiness

볶볶다, 볶음 stir -fry

본root, origin, base, model, pattern, main [本]; V-본적 있다 experiential perfective

볼cheek

봄spring(time)

봉peak; envelope, paper packet (e.g., for medicine); serve, service, offering 한라봉 Hallasan citrus

봐> 보다

뵙뵙다 see, meet (hon.)

8.5 부

부추 chives; 부채folding fan; part (일부 some; 부분 piece);

부동산; skin [肤 fū]; wealth, blessing, fortune, riches; father; part, section, department, division; unit; wife; vice-, attached to, supplement, addition; not 부르다 call, sing

북drum (Korean traditional); north;

분powder; a minute, divide, share, a division; one-tenth; anger;

불fire, light불다 blow; swell up (w. water), soaked

붉붉다 red, crimson, scarlet [ㄹ==Ø]

붓붓다 pour (in/into) [ㅅ→Ø];swell (up), become swollen

붕붕소 boron; 붕어 carp; 부엉이 owl; 지붕 roof

붙붙다 [자], stick to, adhere; 붙이다 [타] stick, adhere; pass (exam); stay close to; stay; join w.;

8.6 브

브레이크 brake

블블라우스 blouse

8.7 비

rain; compare, ratio, proportion; fat; broom, brush; 비다 empty, vacant, unoccupied 비치다 shine, be reflected; 비추다 shine, reflect

빈empty; guest

빌빌리다 borrow, take a loan; 빌다 borrow; employ, use; pray, wish

빗comb; 빗자루 broom

빙ice

빚debt, loan

빛light, color; ~나다shine, sparkle

9 ㅃ

9.1 빠

빠지다 deflate, drain, fall out; lose weight; sink; be absorbed, drowned; fall out, be dropped, be absent

빤(빤하다 == 뻔하다)

빨빨다 suck (at/on); wash; 빨래; 빨리

빵bread

빼 빼다 pull out, subtract, remove, take out

뺘

뺨cheek

뺴

9.2 뻐

뻐꾸기 cuckoo; 기뻐~ rejoice, happy

뻔 뻔하다 clear, plain, obvious

뻗뻗다 spread, extend, stretch, reach out, (oneself, body; stative) (타/차)

볍가볍다 light; ;simple; careless

뻥bang, pop

뻬

뼈bone

뼤

9.3 뽀

뽀뽀 kiss, peck (onom.)

뽑뽑다 pull, draw, take out, extract (e.g., tooth, nail, tree); select, choose;

뽕mulberry; 뽕짝 == 트고트 trot music

뽜

뽸

뾔

뾰뾰족~ sharp, pointed; 뾰루지 skin rash, pimple

9.4 뿌

뿌리 root 뿌리다 spread, sprinkle; put on, apply

뿍듬뿍 generously, liberally

뿔antler, horn; projection, tip; 코뿔소 rhino

뿨

쀄

쀠

쀼

9.5 쁘

쁘띠 petit(e); 기쁘다 glad, happy; 바쁘다 busy

쁴

9.6 삐

삐다 twist, sprain (injury)

10 ㅅ

10.1 사

사자 lion; 사탕 candy; 사 sand; scholar; teacher; four 사다 buy

삭cut, subtract; 삭도(차) cable car

산mountain; calculate; umbrella

살flesh, skin, meat; kill; 살구 apricot;살다 be alive; live; reside; 살 age, years;(불) 사르다 burn, set on fire, make a fire

삶삶 life; 삶다 boil, simmer, cook

삼three; hemp, flax (plant, cloth)

삽 shovel, spade, scoop

상상어 shark; table, bench; image; 上 top, above, ascend, supreme, upper;상상~ imagine

새bird; new

색color

생be born, life, living, raw; student생각~ think

샤샤워하다

섀

10.2 서

book, writing, document; west; public office;서다 stand; halt, stop

석stone; seat

섞섞다 mix, mingle, blend, shuffle

선선지 blood soup; 선인장 cactus; 선 ship, boat; first; line, cord; fresh; select, elect; 선물 gift, present

설설탕 sugar; 說 theory, explain, talk; establish (설명~);설거지 dishes (to wash), dish-washing

섬island, isle

섭섭섭~ sorry, disappointed, regrettable;섭씨 Celsius 무섭다 scary, frightening ; scared, afraid 섭 take in, absorb, assimilate; act for; care for one’s health [攝 shè]; to wade, be involved, concern, experience [涉shè]

섯 halt! [mil.]; 버섯 mushroom

성fortress; voice; star, planet; saint, holy; surname; anger, wrath; success성공~ succeed

세wash; tax; (힘) 세다 strong, powerful, vigorous, muscular; violent, sever, intense (e.g., forces)

세다 count, calculate

섹섹시~ hot, sexy

셈calculation, sum

셔

10.3 소

cow; small

속stomach, (the) inside, one’s insides, one’s heart; speed, speedy;속~ belong to

손hand

솔brush; to lead솔직~ honest, open

솜cotton

솟솟다 gush, spring, spurt out; break froth; rise, tower, soar; 솟대 acrobat’s pole; ritual / festive dragon head pole

송pine; 송이 pine mushroom

솥clay / cast iron pot, caldron

솨

쇄쇄골 collarbone, clavicle [鎖骨 suǒ lock (up)]

쇠iron

쇼쇼핑 shopping; 쇼크, 쇼캉하다 shock;

10.4 수

water; hand; receive; guard

숙숙주나물 mung bean sprouts; lodge; 기숙사 dorm

순순두부찌개 tofu stew

숟숟가락 spoon

술liquor, alcohol; tassel, tuft, fringe (e.g., 입술)skill, art, method, technique

숨솜다, 숨기다 hide; 숨 breath, 숨쉬다 breathe

숫pure, innocent

숭숭늉 == 누롱지 soup

숲 forest

숱thickness (hair); 숱하다 numerous, a lot

숴shoo!

쉐

쉬쉬다 relax, rest; take a day off; breathe; be hoarse; go bad, spoil 쉬 == 小便

쉰쉰 fifty

쉽쉽다 easy, simple

슈슈퍼마트

10.5 스

스웨터 sweater

습study, practice; 습~ damp(ness), moist, wet, soggy 우습다 funny, humorous

슬슬라이드 slide, transparency

슬프다 sad, sorrowful; 슬퍼하다 be sad슬다 disappear, vanish; wither, wilt; rust

슴슴베 handle, end (knife, farm tool), tool tang

슷비슷다 similar, like, alike

승boarding; victory, win

싀

10.6 시

시금치 spinach time; city, market; test, try; poetry시다 sour;

식food, eat; style, ceremony; plant; know, recognize

신kidney; believe; spirit; footwear, shoes; sour; god[神]신다 put on, wear (footwear)

싣싣다 load [ㄷ→ㄹ]

실room; fruit; failure, mistake;

싫싫다 hateful; hate, dislike

심heart, mind; deep; 심하다 bad, serious 심다 plant

십ten

싱싱싱~ fresh싱크 sink 싱겁다 bland

11 ㅆ

11.1 싸

싸다 cheap; wrap (up), pack 싸우다 fight, argue

싹shoot, spout; quite, completely

쌀 rice

쌈lettuce wrap

쌍pair, twins, couple

쌓쌓다 pile, stack, heap (up), accumulate;쌓이다 be stacked, pile up

쌔

쌰

썌

11.2 써

썩썩다 rot, decay, decompose, go bad; be corrupt

썰썰다 slice, , chop, cut (solid objects, e.g., meat, vegetables, food)썰렁~ chilly; empty, deserted; corny

썹눈썹 eyebrow

쎄글쎄 well, … (DM)

쎠

쎼

11.3 쏘

쏘다 shoot, fire (at); sting

쏟쏟다 spill, pour; concentrate (on), devote o.s. to s.t.; pour out, vent;아지다 pour [자]

쏠쏠다 lean toward, incline

쏴

쐐쐐기 wedge

쐬

쑈

11.4 쑤

쑤시다pick, poke; ache, throb, be sore

쑥mugwort

쒀

쒜

쒸

쓔

11.5 쓰

쓰다 use, employ, spend; hire; spend; bitter; write; put on, wear쓰레기 trash

쓸 쓸다 sweep; 쓸모 use, usefulness; 쓸개 gallbladder 쓸쓸~lonely, solitary

씌씌우다 spread, cover, be spread (not covering widely or extensively, cf. 덮다), wear, put on (clothing articles)

11.6 씨

씨 seed, pit

씬날씬하다 slim, slender

씩-씩 each, separately, apiece; 씩씩~ vigorous, energetic

씹씹다 chew, bite; 씹 coīre, pudenda

씻씻다 wash, rinse, cleanse

12 ㅇ (1: 아, 어)

12.1 아

아몬드 almond; 아 child; 아기 baby, infant;

악악어 crocodile; 악 evil, bad; music

안안경 eyeglasses; 안다 hold, hug, embrace;

앉앉다 sit, be seated

않않다 not, do not

알(fish) egg, round object; 알다 know

앓앓다 be sick, fall ill, suffer (from ~을)

암암탉 hen;암 cancer; rock; female (animal); dark, secret;

압pressure; push, press

앗

앙center [央 yāng]; onom. (e.g., baby crying)

앞front, ahead

12.2 애

애벌래 caterpillar

액amount ($), sum; liquid

앵 앵무새 parrot

12.3 야

wilderness, field; at night; 야~ racy, sexual

약medicine; promise; weak

얄얄밉다 detestable, hateful; naughty

얇얇다 thin, fine; flimsy;

얌얌전~ well behaved, quiet, gentle, meek, clean, modest, obedient

양sheep; ocean, Western; bring up, care, nourish; both; quantity, amount

얕얕다 shallow (depth)

12.4 얘

얘기 > 이야기

12.5 어

어치 jay (bird); 어fish; word, term, language어둡다 dark, gloomy어리다 young, little

억jade; 10⁸; tough; press, suppress

언words, talk; 언니 older sister; 언덕 hill; 언제 when, whenever

얹얹다 lay, place (s.t.) on (s.t.), load (s.t.) with (s.t.)

얻얻다 borrow; get, gain, win, take, acquire, achieve

얼얼음 ice (얼다 freeze); 일굴 face, features, countenance, look 얼얼~ hot, burning, on fire (e.g., tongue)얼룩말 zebra; 얼룩 stain, smear, spot

얽얽다 pitted; weave, tie up

엄severe, strict, stern; 엄마 mommy

업job, business, industry, calling, vocation, occupation, trade, profession

없없다

엇cross, intersect, pass, alternate

엉엉덩이 buttocks, hip

엊 엊그제 a couple of days ago

엎엎다 turn over / down, lay upside down

12.6 에

at

엔엔진 engine; yen

12.7 여

여우 fox; female, woman; travel; 여름 summer; 여치 long-horned grasshopper, katydid;

역station; translate; opposite, reverse

연lotus; research; perform; year; kite; salmon; smoke

열열무 young/slender radish; line, row, file, column, queue [렬]; heat, temperature; ten

엶엶다 thin; light, pale; light color

염salt; inflammation; dye

엽leaf; 엽기 bizarre

엿 taffy, wheat gluten

영영양 antelope; 수영 swim;England; zero; glory; shadow; neck, collar; reflect, cinema, movie; order, command

옅옅다 light, pale, faint

옆side

13 ㅇ (2: 오, 우)

13.1 예

예쁘다 pretty; art; yes;

old, ancient, old times; instance, example [例 lì]; pre-, fore-, ease, comfort, happy [豫yù]예민~ sensitive, keen, sharp; sharpness, acumen, acuteness; > [锐 ruì] sharp, vigor;

옛old, ancient; 옛날 old days, formerly

13.2 오

오렌지 orange; 오리 duck; 오 five;

옥jade, gemstone 玉; prison, jail

온warm, temperature [溫 wēn]; all, whole

올올가미 noose, lasso, snare; strand, ply; 올리다 raise, lift up, increase; offer; this year (올해)

옭옭다 tie (up), fasten, secure

옮옮기다 [ㄹ==Ø] move, shift, transfer; transmit (disease); translate, spread; 옮다 be infected, catch;

옳옳다 right, righteous, just, truthful, correct, exact, accurate, proper, correct

옴scabies, mange, itch

옷clothes

옹옹이 knot (wood)

13.3 와

기와 roof tile

완완두콩 pea; 완 complete (완전~)

왈왈츠 waltz; 왈 said, so-called

왕king

===왜===why, how

왱onom.

왝onom.: urp, ugh; 왝왝~ retch

===외===outside, foreignonly, isolated, lonely (외롭다) 외치다 shout, yell

왼left side

13.4 요

요가 yoga; 요 mattress (kr. floor mattress);

要 essential, demand; cook; 요구~ request, demand; 요일 day of the week; 요즘 these days, nowadays

욕bath, bathe; abuse, abusive language, curse, shame, insult

용dragon; use

13.5 우

우산 umbrella; beef [牛]; right side; friend;

욱ugh

운운동 exercise;transport, drive, move; luck, fate [運 yùn];

울울다 cry, weep울타리 fence 우울~ gloomy, depressed

움움직이다 move, budge, change position; work, operate

웃웃다 laugh, smile; 웃기다 make laugh, be funny

웅virile, male [雄xióng]

===워===<우어 exclam.

원원숭이 monkey; 원 circle, round; desire, wish; origin; garden; court, institution; desire

월moon, month, Monday

===웨===웨딩 wedding

웬a certain, some, what(ever)웬만~ tolerable, fairly good; tolerate

엘well-being

웹web (Internet)

===위===stomach; position; danger; top; up, upper part 위하다, 위해, 위한 have a purpose for; care for; for; GER+~ for, to [purpose] 위대~ great 위험~ dangerous

윗윗- upper-

윙wing; onom: buzz, hum; 윙크 wink

14 ㅇ (3: 으, 이)

===유===milk; Europe; exist, existence [有]; entice, tempt [誘 yòu]; 유리 glass; 유명~ famous

육meat, flesh; six; land, ground [陸]

윤shine, gloss, luster [潤 rùn]; wheel; rotate, take turns [輪 lún]

율율동 rhythm; rate, ratio, freq. [率 lǜ]; a law, regulation [률] [律 lǜ]

융=== ===melt, blend, harmonious [融 róng]; 융합 fusion, fuse [融合]

윷 (윷놀다) yut (game)

14.1 으

으로; 으르다 threaten, intimidate, scare

윽그윽~ deep, delicate; 그윽이 in secret, private, inwardly, in o’s heart; subtle;윽 yuck

은 silver, money

음 sound, note, tone; drink; yin; φαλλος

을을지로; 가을 fall, autumn

읊읊다 chant/sing/write a poem

읍town, village [邑 yì]

응 yes, mmm; response, e.g. 응급 emergency; congeal, solidify; concentrate attention, stare [凝 níng];

14.2 의

의자 chair, stool; 의사 doctor; 의- medicine; 의하다, 의해, 의한 be due to; be based on; according to, thanks to; -에 의해 by [passive agent] 의미~ mean, signify, stand for, indicate

14.3 이

이구아나 iguana; 이발 barber 이기다 win, beat, overcome; 이르다 early

익익다 be ripe, mature, done (fruit, grains, boiled/cooked items); skilled, experienced, familiar; used to; to master, become proficient, familiar with;

인person; benevolence, virtue, humanity; seal, stamp; 인사~ greet

일sun, day; work, job, matter; one, first

읽읽다 read, recite; guess, see, figure

잃잃다 lose, miss, be deprived of

임임신 [姙娠: rèn, conceive, be pregnant + shēn, pregnant]assign, appoint, take a post; responsibility; allow [任 rèn];

입mouth, lips; enter 入; stand 立;입다 put on, wear; suffer, sustain;

잇잇다 join, link, connect; continue, keep; inherit, succeed [ㅅ→Ø]; → -이어 after; 잇 (slip-)cover;

있있다

잉잉어 carp

잊잊다 forget; put out of one’s mind

잎leaf

15 ㅈ

===자 ===ruler; letter, character; 자다 sleep

작 작가 writer, author; > make, do 作; 작다 small, short, little;

잔cup; 잔디 grass, lawn

잖-잖아요 (e.g., 있잖아요) you know, don’t you know; > -지 않-

잘well; 자르다 cut off/out/away, sever, amputate, chop (up); == cutting long, thin objects잘다 small, little, fine

잠sleep

잡잡다 grasp, grab, seize, catch, hold; 잡지 magazine; 잡mixed, various, misc., to mix [雜 zá]: 잡채

장장어eel; intestine; soy sauce; 장아찌 pickled vegetables

잦잦다 be frequent

재재활용 recycling, recycle; 재 ash (담뱃재, 화산재); talent, skill; again, re-, exist [在]

쟁argue, debate, strive, vie [爭zhēng]; 쟁기 plow (farming); gong; zither

쟈

15.1 저

저녁 evening; dinner 저리다 sore, pain, numb, ache, asleep; 저쪽 that side, over there;저자 writer, author [著 zhe]; low; bottom; we, our, us; they, their, them

적적신호 red light, warning/danger signal적다write down, note (down), enter; 적다 few, small; [敵 dí]; red;

전Korean pancakeexpert [專 zhuān]; fight, battle [ 戰zhān]

절festival, season [節]; clause, paragraph, verse [節]; cut, slice [切 qiē]; (deep) bow; (Buddhist) temple

젊젊다 young, youthful

점point, spot; store

접접다 fold, furl; receive, welcome, answer, join [接 jiē]접시 dish, saucer, plate

젓젓가각 chopstick

정well [井]; stop; correct; order (e.g., 정리 arrange); 정~ decide 定; feeling, affection; really, truly; cold chisel

젖 breast, bosom, breast milk, (젖통) udder

제제비a swallow (bird);

제하다 divide, exclude, subtract, deduce; 제 make, manufacture, system [製 zhì]; eliminate, get rid of [除chú]; carry, propose, raise, offer, provide, [提tí]; junior (f.); subject; aid, help, relief [濟 jì]; 제트 a jet; 제발;

젤gel

졔

15.2 조

조개 clam; 조깅 jogging; make, build [造 zào]; assist; clause 調 [diào: melody, accent, tone], e.g., 강조 emphasis, stress, highlight

족 foot

존John; honor

졸졸다 doze off; 졸리다 sleepy;

좁좁다 narrow, small

종마늘종 garlic shoots/stem; 종 seed; kind; 종이 paper

좆vulg., ==자지 φαλλος

좌left; seat

좨

죄crime, sin, guilt

죠

15.3 주

주먹 fist 주머니 pocket

죽rice porridge; 죽순 bamboo shoots;

준prepare [準 zhǔn]; 준 accurate, standard; definitely, certainly; about-to-be, quasi; given;

줄string, line, queue;

줄기 stem, stalk (plant), cane; stream, tributary, beam, ray 줄다 decrease, diminish; 줄리다 reduce

중middle; weight

줘

쥐mouse, rat; 다람쥐 squirrel; 쥐다 grasp, grab, hold, take hold of, grip

쥬

15.4 즈

즈음 about the time (when)

즉promptly, quick [即jí]; 즉시, 즉각 immediately; 즉 namely, that is, i.e.; just, exactly;

즐즐기다 enjoy, pleasure, have fun; comb, comb teeth, row [櫛 zhì]

증testify, evidence 증가다 be exhausted, tired

15.5 지

지네 centipede;

지 finger; branch; earth; paper; 지다 become; lose, be defeated지르다 shout, yell 지우다 delete, remove, erase

직직박구리 bulbul (bird); 직- job, employment; straight, direct

진진달래 azaleaadvance; e.g., 진화 evolution (bio.) 진하다 strong (flavor), dark, deep, thick, heavy;

질질문 question; 질 quality, nature, disposition; pudenda; 질소 nitrogen

짐luggage, baggage, load, cargo, freight; burden, nuisance

집house; 집다 gather, collect; grasp, pick up

짓짓다 cook; make, build; make up, fabricate; form; write, compose; to name;

징punish, reprimand, warn [懲 chéng];characteristic, symptom, phenomenon; request, impose [徵 zhēng]

짙짙다 deep, dark, thick, heavy, dense, strong (e.g., texture, odor, expression)

16 ㅉ

16.1 짜

짜다 weave, knit, put zs.; squeeze, wring out, press; 짜다 salty; stingy, cheap; 짜장; 짜증 irritation (at/with), annoyance

짠salty, e.g., 짠물 saltwater

짝pair; mate, spouse; 짝수 even number뽕짝 trot music, 트로트 반짝거리다 twinkle

짧짧다 short; lacking, brief, insufficient, poor; abbreviated (length, duration)

짱짱(아)! great!; 베짱이 katydid

째-째 ordinal numerals, x^th 째다 cut into, lance, incise; 째다 tight, too small, pinch; insufficient, in need of

쨍쨍쨍 sound symbolism: bright sun

쨍그랑 clink [onom., e.g., glass]

쨔

쨰

16.2 쩌

쩌쩌 tsk, tsk [?]

쩝쩝쩝 onom.: smacking lips

쩡쩡쩡 snap, crackling

쩨쩨쩨하다 small-minded, petty, narrow-minded, cheap, stingy

쪄> 찌다 fatten

쪠

===쪼

쪼다 peck (at), chisel

쪽쪽 side쪽지 note, message, slip of paper

쫑마늘쫑 garlic stems

쫓쫓다 pursue, chase, run after, trail, track,drive sb/st out/away

쫘

쫴

쬐쬐다 shine on/over, warm oneself, bask

쬬쬬스(떡볶이)

16.3 쭈

쭈꾸미 webfoot octopus, short arm octopus; 쭈그리다 crouch, squat (down)

쭉straight, directly;철쭉 (wild) azalea

쭤

쮀

쮜

쮸

16.4 쯔

쯤about, around, approx. (numerals)

쯰

16.5 찌

찌다 gain weight, grow, fatten 찌다 be hot, to steam; 찌개찌르다 pierce, stab, prick, prod, poke; nudge; stick (hand into pocket)

찍찍다 print, stamp, imprint; cut down,

chop, hack; thrust, pierce, spear; take photo

찐찐빵 steamed bun

찜steamed dish

찔 > 찌르다

찡

찢찢다 tear, rip, split

찧찧다 pound, hull (grains)

17 ㅊ

17.1 차

차 car; tea; difference, disparity 차다 cold, chilly

착착하다 good-natured, nice, good착잡~ mixed, uneasy, complicated

착 mistake(n), confused

찬food, dishes (반찬); praise찬란~ brilliant, splendid; radiant, resplendent

찮하찮다 trivial, trifling, petty, unimportant

찰sticky; observe [察 chá]

참참새 sparrow; 참나무 oak; 참외; 참 participate, attend; 참 really, truly, indeed 참다 be patient, endure, bear, restrain o.s.

창window; sing

찾찾다 search, find

채vegetable; select, pick, collect, choose, gather [採 cǎi]; 채 racket, stick, club; 파리채 flyswatter채우다 fill; 채다 snatch away, run away w.

책book; plan

챙챙기다 take, pack; take care of (s.o.) visor, brim (hat); 챙기다 pack (up), take care of/for, look after (s.t./s.o.)

챠

챼

17.2 처

처 place, office; 처칠 Churchill; 처가 wife’s family’s home

척spine (척추), back, ridge; closely, tightly; pretend

천thousand; heaven, sky; 1000; 천동 thunder;

철temple; iron, steel; wisdom, judgment; season; remove; 철쭉 (wild) azalea

첨add, increase [添tiān]

첫the first, new; 첫자 first bus/train

청청바지 blue jeans;

청계청; 청동 bronze; 청어 herring; 청 request; listen [聽tīng]; membrane, film; govt. office; clean;

체체리 cherry; 체 strainer, sieve, sifter; body; “face” 체면 體面

첼 첼로 cello

쳐쳐다보다 gaze, stare, look in direction of;

> 치다 hit; consider, count; set up; put in; remove

쳬

===초===vinegar; grass [草]; 초록(색) [草綠]; second; candle; 초콜릿 chocolate

촌village

총 gun [銃chòng]; all, general

촤

촬gather, little pit; filming, e.g., 촬영

쵀

최most, ultra; hurry, press, urge, hasten, expedite [催 cuī] 취고 highest

쵸

17.3 추

고추 chili pepper; 추어 mudfish;

추다 dance; autumn; ugly; 추석 Chuseok; 추가 addition, addendum;

축congratulate, celebrate

춘springtime [春]

충insect; full, enough [곤충]

출departure

춤dancing

춰

췌

취취나물 (ligularia?); 취소~ cancel, postpone;취 ~ intoxicated, drunk;

츄

17.4 츠

티셔츠 T-shirt

측side; to lean; survey, measure [測 cè]

층story, floor; layer, class, stratum

츼

17.5 치

치타 cheetah; 치자 gardenia seeds;치다 hit, attack; 치마 skirt; 치 tooth;

칙rule, law, grade, oblique [則 zé]

친친~ close (to); 친구 friend

칠seven

침saliva; acupuncture needle (침 맞다); 침팬지 chimpanzee

18 Cf. ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅉ

자몽 grapefruit	차 car; tea	짜다 salty; squeeze, wring out, press
작가 writer; 작다 small	착 good
잔 cup	찬 food (반찬); praise	짠물 saltwater
잠 sleep; 잠그다 to lock	참새 sparrow	짬뽕 jjambong soup
장어 eel; soy sauce 간장	창문 window; sing	짱 best, super, very
재 ash (담뱃재, 화산재); talent, skill	채 vegetable; 파리채 flyswatter	째다 cut, lance, incise
저녁 dinner	처방 prescription
전 pancake	천 thousand, ₩1000; sky, heaven;
정 a well; 정자 pavilion;	청바지 blue jeans
제비a swallow;	체리 cherry; 체 strainer
조개 clam	초 candle; vinegar; grass;초록색 green, verdant
종 (종소리) bell	총 gun, e.g., 물총
존 John; zone; 존경 respect, admiration	촌 village
죄 crime, guilt, sin	최 most
주 liquor	추: 고추; 추다 dance; 추석
쥐 mouse, rat	취나물 ligularia; 취~ drunk
지네 centipede	치타 cheetah	찌다 gain weight, fatten

19 ㅋ

19.1 카

카레 curry

칸 room, chamber, partition, train car

칼knife

캄캄캄하다 very dark, pitch-black캄보디아 Cambodia

캐캐나다 Canada캐다 dig into/up, unearth; probe, pry, inquire (pej.)

캬

컈

19.2 커

커피 coffee; 커닝 cheating; > 크다; 커브 (road) curve) 시커멓다 jet black

컴 컴퓨타

컵cup

컷(hair)cut; illustration, artwork; -컷animal gender

케

켜켜다 switch, turn on

켸

===코===nose; 코끼리 elephant

콘콘도르 condor, vulture

콕prick, poke, sting (콕+찌르다, 쏘다, 쪼다)

콤 -ish (esp. flavor)

콧코-, e.g., 콧구멍 a nostril

콩soybean; 콩나물 bean sprouts

콰

콱 roughly, violently, strongly

쾌pleasant, refreshing [快], e.g., 상쾌~ fresh, refreshing

쾨

쿄

19.3 쿠

쿠키 cookie

쿼

퀘

퀴

큐

19.4 크

크다 large, grow; 크기 size, volume

큰big

킈

===키===key; rudder, helm, steering; (one’s) height 키우다 raise, rear, bread (동물, 식물, 人)

20 ㅌ

20.1 타

타자 (기) typing (typewriter); 타다 ride, board, take; burn, blaze, be on fire; be sensitive to; mix (up), add; split others [他]; hit

탁탁자 table;

탄탄 coal, briqueete; 탄소 carbon; bullet, spring; coal; be born

탈escape, take off [脫 tuō]

탉수탉 rooster, 암탉 hen

탐search, spy [探 tàn]

탓탓 reason, fault, blame; 은/는 탓에 due to (adversative)

탕soup, hot water

태태몽 pregnancy dream; 태 great(est), large; attitude; pregnant태우다 give a ride; burn

택taxi [택시]; 택~ choose, select, pick (out), option, alternative [擇 zé]; residence [宅 zhái], 택배

탯태-, e.g., 탯줄 umbilical cord

탸

턔

===터===site, place [e.g., 빵굼티];(...할) 터이다 intention, intend, expect;터지다 explode; break out

턱chin

털wool, fur, hair 털다 dust, brush (off/down) (e.g., furniture); empty; rob, steal, burglarize

텃텃밭 family / veg. garden

테테니스 tennis

텐텐트 tent; 텐데(요) should [conjecture, expectation]

텔텔레비전

텨

톄

20.2 토

토마토 tomato; 토끼 rabbit; 토 soil, land; discuss; 토하다 vomit

톱saw

통can, box, tub, tube; 통~ go thru, circulate, communicate, conduct [通]; -통해 via, thru; 통 pain, intense; whole, bulk

톼

퇘

퇴retreat, leave [退 tuì]

툐

20.3 투

투표 ballot, vote; 사투리 dialect

fight, struggle, condemn, contend, put together [鬥, 鬪, 斗 dòu]; throw, send, invest [投 tóu]; cover, wrap; penetrate, thru, appear [透 tòu] →

불투명~ opaque; uncertain, unclear, ambiguous

퉈

퉤

튀튀다 spatter, splash, splatter; bounce; 튀기다 fry, pop; 튀김

튜

20.4 트

트다 bud, sprout, germinate; be/get chapped; dawn; open, meet (kennen­-lernen) 트루트 trot music

튼튼튼하다 strong, sturdy

특 special

튼 chapped, e.g., 튼손

틀 틀다 twist, turn; 틀리다 be mistaken, wrong, incorrect, error; 틀림 mistake, error, fault, discrepancy틀림없다 sure, certainframe, pattern, mold; shape, outline

틈a crack, gap, break, crevice; (spare) time; chance, opportunity

틔

20.5 티

티셔츠 T-shirt; particle, (speck of) dust, dirt; flaw, defect

21 ㅍ

===파===green onion; 파리 fly; 파란 blue/greento break; a wave; branch 파다 dig, excavate, burrow; carve

판 판다 panda;판 board, plank [판자]; printing; sell; judge; [k] place, situation

팔arm; eight; 팔다 sell

팥(dry farm) field; 豆沙

패badge, signboard, tablet; 패다 break (wood) to pieces, chop, split, beat; be dug or hollowed out 패하다 lose, be defeated

팽around, circling, (going) about; swelling [zh]

퍄

퍠

21.1 퍼

퍼센트 percent; 퍼지다 spread out, widen, broaden, propagate, prevail, multiply (abstract, non-tangible things, e.g., rumor, smell)

펭펭귄 penguin

펴펴다 unfold, spread, lay out, open, straighten, press, smooth (out) (e.g., paper, wrinkles), stretch (out), extend

편편지 letterslice, piece, mail [片]; side; means;편~ convenient, comfortable, relaxed;

펼펼치다 open, unfold, stretch out, spread (e.g., wings) 펼쳐지다 spread, be held, lie open

평flat, even; peaceful, ordinary;critique, assess(ment), evaluation, criticism

폐lung; to close, closed; abolish(ed);

===포===wrap; 포도; dried meat/fish slices; gun, cannon; 포기다 give up, abandon

폭 explode

퐈

퐤

푀

표ticket; chart; surface; manifest; 표현~ express, show

21.2 푸

푸다 scoop, ladle, spoon (out/up)

푹푹발~ explode, busrt; 푹 sinking deeply, stuck; thorough(ly), hard, thru, completely, entirely, fast, soundly, deep(ly), sharply

풀grass; paste, starch, glue 풀다 untie, undo, untangle, unfasten, unpack; unbutton, open, unwrap; relax, loosen, unwind; solve; resolve; release, lift, remove; send out; [코를] blow one’s nose

풋풋- unripe, green (e.g., 풋고추)

품goods, article; grade

풍wind; scenery; customs;

풔

풰

퓌

퓨

21.3 프

아프다 sick, painful; 플랑스 France

픠

===피===blood; skin; avoid, escape 피다 bloom, blossom; spread (by flattening), straighten, flatten; open (book)

필necessary; certainly, inevitably;pen, writing [笔, 筆]

22 ㅎ

22.1 하

하마 hippopotamus; 하모니카 harmonica; 下; 河 river [hé]; 하늘 sky

학學

한韓; 漢; one, same

할cut, divide [割 gē]

핥핥다 lick

함small box, case [割 hé]

합 unite, join, together; union

항port, harbor

해sun, sunlight; year; harm, damage, injury [害]; sea, ocean

핵 nucleus, pit, stone; [核 hé]

행go, act, way; row, series [行 háng]fortune; to face; province, hometown

햐

향fragrance, fragrant; 향~, 향해 face, facing, bound for

햬

===허===permit, permission; empty, vain 허리 waist, lower back

헌 constitution; to offer; [k] used, old; 헌금 offering, collection (church)

험 시험 examine, test; 험하다 rough, tough, rugged, hard, dangerous, perilous; sly, wily, underhanded; foul-mouthed

헐헐다 (clothes) wear out; demolish, tear down; 헐렁하다 loose, loose-fitting, baggy

헛헛개 (tea of) oriental raisin tree [hovenia dulcis]

헤헤게모니 hegemony; 헤지펀드 hedge fund; 헤매다 wander, roam

헷헷갈리다 be confused

헹헹구다 wash, rinse

혀tongue [舌 shé?]

혁 leather

현 now, current; appear

혈blood;

혐harmony, union

협threaten; assist, jointly

형 shape, form; model, type; 兄 elder brother

혜혜성 comet

22.2 호

호두 walnut; 호랑이 tiger; number; good; call, exhale; 혹lump, bump; severe; confuse [惑 huò]; 가혹~ severe, harsh

혼 marriage; mix, confused; 혼자

홀 hall; 홀로 single, alone

홍 홍고추 red chili pepper; red

화fire, anger; flower; picture, drawing; talk, story; harmony, peace; change; -(iz)ation

확check, confirm; certain; correct, real, true, authentic [確 què]; enlarge확인 confirm; 확고~ firm(ness), determination, solid, unwavering

환exchange; return; suffer (from), contract (illness) [患huàn]환대 hospitality, warm, cordial 환하다 light, bright (e.g., daytime), radiant; clear, open

활live, lively, alive; 활짝 wide (open), in full bloom/blossom

황emperor; huge; desolate; situation; sulfur; yellow [黃], e.g., 황사

홰perch > 횃대

홱suddenly, quickly, vigorously, w/ a jerk

회meeting, gather; return; 회색 gray

획계획plan, schedule, program [劃 huà: transfer, plan, assign; character stroke]

횡횡단 cross, traverse, crossing 횡령 embezzle(ment), misappropriation

[> 橫 héng/hèng, sideways, horizontal, flagrant; unexpected, perverse]

효발효 fermentation; 효 effect, efficacy, imitate [效 xiào]; filial piety

23 ㅎ

23.1 후

후추 black pepper; 후 back, after, later

훈teach, admonish

훔훔치다 steal, pilfer

훌코를 훌쩍이다/거리다 sniff, sniffle 훌렁하다(/거리다) loose (clothing)

훑훑다 strip off, scrub (out), remove

훠

훼

휘어휘vocabulary, lexicon [彙 huì ‘gather, converge, transfer]; wield, direct

휴rest

흉evil, unlucky, terrible, fearful [兇 xiōng]; [kr] scar, flaw

23.2 흐

흐르아 flow, run; pass, go by, elapse 흐리다 cloudy, blurry

흔흔들다, 흔들리다 shake, wave, rock, sway, tremble; 마흔 forty

흑black, dark 黑

흘흘리다 drop, shed (object, tears, etc.); 흘기다 look askance, give a sidelong glance / scowl

흙soil, earth, dirt, ground, mud, clay [ㄹ==Ø]

흡inhalation [吸 xī], 흡기

흥흥분~ overly excited

fun, prosper, popular; permit; [興 xīng];흥미하다 have interest in;흥미롭다 interesting, exciting, attractive, amusing

흩흩다 scatter (about), strew, disperse; 흩어지다 scatter, be scattered, disperse, litter(ed)

희 rare, scarce; pleasure 희다 white, fair gray

흰흰색 white

23.3 히

히터 heater; 히브리 Hebrew

힌힌두 Hindu

힐investigate, restrain, scold [詰 jié]

힘strength (physical), energy