Chemical elements
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The following is a list of the 118 chemical elements of the periodic table, with English names, brief etymologies, and equivalents in other languages. This chart includes the following information and languages:
- etymological origin[1] (Eng. = old English word; Am. = American; Ar. = Arabic; Gk. = Greek; Ger. = German; Fr. = French; Jp. = Japanese; Lat. = Latin; Ru. = Russian)
- atomic weight
- its element's block on the periodic table (based on electron shell configurations)
- general grouping or classificatio
- year of discovery (Ø = knonw since ancient times)
- European languages: German, French, Italian, Russian
- Korean
- simplified and traditional Chinese characters (簡体字 jiantizi, simplified characters, and 繁体字 fantizi, complex or traditional characters), and Chinese pinyin romanization
- Japanese names (most of which are in kana), and the Japanese pronuniciation via romanization
- Vietnamese (other Southeast Asian languages were unavailable for the entire periodic chart)
| # | sym | name | etym. | disc. | group | bl. | wt. | German | Spanish | French | Italian | Russian | Korean | 簡 | 繁 | pinyin | Japanese | Jp pron. | Viet. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | Hydrogen | Gk. hydro-+-gen, 'water-forming' | 1766 | non-metal | s | 1 | Wasserstoff (Hydrogenium) | Hidrógeno | Hydrogène | Idrogeno | Водород | 수소 | 氢 | 氫 | Qīng | 水素 | suiso | hydro |
| 2 | He | Helium | Gk. hḗlios, 'sun' | 1895 | noble gas | s | 4 | Helium | Helio | Hélium | Elio | Гелий | 헬륨 | 氦 | 氦 | Hài | ヘリウム | heriumu | heli |
| 3 | Li | Lithium | Gk. líthos, 'stone' | 1817 | alkali metal | s | 6.9 | Lithium | Litio | Lithium | Litio | Литий | 리튬 | 锂 | 鋰 | Lǐ | リチウム | riteumu | lithi |
| 4 | Be | Beryllium | Beryl, a mineral ( > Belur, India) | 1798 | alkaline earth | s | 9 | Beryllium | Berilio | Béryllium | Berillio | Бериллий | 베릴륨 | 铍 | 鈹 | Pī | ベリリウム | beririumu | beryli |
| 5 | B | Boron | Borax, a mineral ( > Ar. bawraq) | 1808 | metaloid | p | 10.8 | Bor | Boro | Bore | Boro | Бор | 붕소 | 硼 | 硼 | Péng | ホウ素 | houso | bo |
| 6 | C | Carbon | Lat. carbo, 'coal' | Ø | non-metal | p | 12 | Kohlenstoff (Carbonium) | Carbono | Carbone | Carbonio | Углерод | 탄소 | 碳 | 碳 | Tàn | 炭素 | tanso | cacbon |
| 7 | N | Nitrogen | Gk. nítron + -gen, 'niter-forming' | 1772 | non-metal | p | 14 | Stickstoff (Nitrogenium) | Nitrógeno | Azote | Azoto | Азот | 질소 | 氮 | 氮 | Dàn | 窒素 | chisso | nitơ |
| 8 | O | Oxygen | Gk. oxy-+-gen, 'acid-forming' | 1774 | non-metal | p | 16 | Sauerstoff (Oxygenium) | Oxígeno | Oxygène | Ossigeno | Кислород | 산소 | 氧 | 氧 | Yǎng | 酸素 | sanso | oxy |
| 9 | F | Fluorine | Lat. fluere, 'to flow' | 1886 | halogen | p | 19 | Fluor | Flúor | Fluor | Fluoro | Фтор | 플루오린 | 氟 | 氟 | Fú | フッ素 | fusso | fluor |
| 10 | Ne | Neon | Gk. néon, 'new' | 1898 | noble gas | p | 20.2 | Neon | Neón | Néon | Neon | Неон | 네온 | 氖 | 氖 | Nǎi | ネオン | neon | neon |
| 11 | Na | Sodium | Eng. > Lat. soda; Na > New Lat. natrium> Ger. Natron, 'natron' | 1807 | alkali metal | s | 23 | Natrium | Sodio | Sodium | Sodio | Натрий | 나트륨 (소듐) | 钠 | 鈉 | Nà | ナトリウム | natoriumu | natri |
| 12 | Mg | Magnesium | Magnesia, district of Eastern Thessaly, Greece | 1808 | alkaline earth | s | 24.3 | Magnesium | Magnesio | Magnésium | Magnesio | Магний | 마그네슘 | 镁 | 鎂 | Měi | マグネシウム | maguneshiumu | magiê |
| 13 | Al | Aluminum | Alumina > Lat. alumen (gen. aluminis), 'bitter salt, alum' | 1825 | metal | p | 27 | Aluminium | Aluminio | Aluminium | Alluminio | Алюминий | 알루미늄 | 铝 | 鋁 | Lǚ | アルミニウム | aruminiumu | nhôm |
| 14 | Si | Silicon | Lat. silex, 'flint' (orig. silicium) | 1823 | metaloid | p | 28.1 | Silicium | Silicio | Silicium | Silicio | Кремний | 규소 | 硅 | 硅 | Guī | ケイ素 | keiso | silic |
| 15 | P | Phosphorus | Gk. phōsphóros, 'light-bearing' | 1669 | non-metal | p | 31 | Phosphor | Fósforo | Phosphore | Fosforo | Фосфор | 인 | 磷 | 磷 | Lín | リン | rin | phosphor |
| 16 | S | Sulfur | Lat. sulphur, 'brimstone' | Ø | non-metal | p | 32.1 | Schwefel (Sulphur) | Azufre | Soufre | Zolfo | Сера | 황 | 硫 | 硫 | Liú | 硫黄 | iou | lưu huỳnh |
| 17 | Cl | Chlorine | Gk. chlōrós, 'greenish yellow' | 1774 | halogen | p | 35.5 | Chlor | Cloro | Chlore | Cloro | Хлор | 염소 | 氯 | 氯 | Lǜ | 塩素 | enso | clo |
| 18 | Ar | Argon | Gk. argós, 'idle' (due to its inertness) | 1894 | noble gas | p | 40 | Argon | Argón | Argon | Argon | Аргон | 아르곤 | 氩 | 氬 | Yà | アルゴン | arugon | agon |
| 19 | K | Potassium | New Lat. potassa, 'potash'> pot + ash; K > Lat. kalium | 1807 | alkali metal | s | 39.1 | Kalium | Potasio | Potassium | Potassio | Калий | 칼륨 (포타슘) | 钾 | 鉀 | Jiǎ | カリウム | kariumu | kali |
| 20 | Ca | Calcium | Lat. calx, 'lime' | 1808 | alkaline earth | s | 40.1 | Calcium | Calcio | Calcium | Calcio | Кальций | 칼슘 | 钙 | 鈣 | Gài | カルシウム | karushiumu | calci |
| 21 | Sc | Scandium | Lat. Scandia, 'Scandinavia' | 1879 | transition metal | d | 45 | Scandium | Escandio | Scandium | Scandio | Скандий | 스칸듐 | 钪 | 鈧 | Kàng | スカンジウム | sukanjiumu | scandi |
| 22 | Ti | Titanium | Titans, sons of Earth goddess in Gk. myth. | 1791 | transition metal | d | 47.9 | Titan | Titanio | Titane | Titanio | Титан | 타이타늄 (타타늄, 타탄) | 钛 | 鈦 | Tài | チタン | chitan | titan |
| 23 | V | Vanadium | Vanadis, an Old Norse name for Scandinavian goddess Freyja | 1830 | transition metal | d | 50.9 | Vanadium | Vanadio | Vanadium | Vanadio | Ванадий | 바나듐 | 钒 | 釩 | Fǎn | バナジウム | banajiumu | vanadi |
| 24 | Cr | Chromium | Gk. chróma, 'colour' | 1797 | transition metal | d | 52 | Chrom | Cromo | Chrome | Cromo | Хром | 크로뮴 (크롬) | 铬 | 鉻 | Luò | クロム | kuromu | crom |
| 25 | Mn | Manganese | Corrupted fr. magnesia negra; see magnesium | 1774 | transition metal | d | 54.9 | Mangan | Manganeso | Manganèse | Manganese | Марганец | 망가니즈 (망간) | 锰 | 錳 | Měng | マンガン | mangan | mangan |
| 26 | Fe | Iron | Eng.; Fe > Lat. ferrum | Ø | transition metal | d | 55.8 | Eisen (Ferrum) | Hierro | Fer | Ferro | Железо | 철 | 铁 | 鐵 | Tiě | 鉄 | tetsu | sắt |
| 27 | Co | Cobalt | Ger. Kobold, 'goblin' | 1737 | transition metal | d | 58.9 | Cobalt | Cobalto | Cobalt | Cobalto | Кобальт | 코발트 | 钴 | 鈷 | Gǔ | コバルト | kobaruto | coban |
| 28 | Ni | Nickel | Nickel, a mischievous sprite of Ger. miner myth. | 1751 | transition metal | d | 58.7 | Nickel | Níquel | Nickel | Nichel | Никель | 니켈 | 镍 | 鎳 | Niè | ニッケル | nikkeru | niken |
| 29 | Cu | Copper | Eng.> Lat. cuprum > Ancient Gk. Kýpros 'Cyprus' | Ø | transition metal | d | 63.5 | Kupfer (Cuprum) | Cobre | Cuivre | Rame | Медь | 구리 | 铜 | 銅 | Tóng | 銅 | dou | đồng |
| 30 | Zn | Zinc | Most likely > Ger. Zinke, 'prong' or'tooth', or Persian sang, 'stone' | 1746 | transition metal | d | 65.4 | Zink | Zinc | Zinc | Zinco | Цинк | 아연 | 锌 | 鋅 | Xīn | 亜鉛 | aen | kẽm |
| 31 | Ga | Gallium | Lat. Gallia, 'France' | 1875 | metal | p | 69.7 | Gallium | Galio | Gallium | Gallio | Галлий | 갈륨 | 镓 | 鎵 | Jiā | ガリウム | gariumu | galli |
| 32 | Ge | Germanium | Lat. Germania, 'Germany' | 1886 | metaloid | p | 72.6 | Germanium | Germanio | Germanium | Germanio | Германий | 게르마늄 (저마늄) | 锗 | 鍺 | Duǒ | ゲルマニウム | gerumaniumu | germani |
| 33 | As | Arsenic | Fr. arsenic > Gk. arsenikón 'yellow arsenic', ult. > Old Iranian *zarniya-ka, 'golden' | Ø | metaloid | p | 74.9 | Arsen | Arsénico | Arsenic | Arsenico | Мышьяк | 비소 | 砷 | 砷 | Shēn | ヒ素 | hiso | asen |
| 34 | Se | Selenium | Gk. selḗnē, 'moon' | 1817 | metaloid | p | 79 | Selen | Selenio | Sélénium | Selenio | Селен | 셀레늄 (셀렌) | 硒 | 硒 | Xī | セレン | seren | seleni |
| 35 | Br | Bromine | Gk. brômos, 'stench' | 1826 | halogen | p | 79.9 | Brom | Bromo | Brome | Bromo | Бром | 브로민 (브롬) | 溴 | 溴 | Xiù | 臭素 | shuuso | brom |
| 36 | Kr | Krypton | Gk. kryptós, 'hidden' | 1898 | noble gas | p | 83.8 | Krypton | Kriptón | Krypton | Kripton | Криптон | 크립톤 | 氪 | 氪 | Kè | クリプトン | kuriputon | krypton |
| 37 | Rb | Rubidium | Lat. rubidus, 'deep red' | 1861 | alkali metal | s | 85.5 | Rubidium | Rubidio | Rubidium | Rubidio | Рубидий | 루비듐 | 铷 | 銣 | Rú | ルビジウム | rubijiumu | rubidi |
| 38 | Sr | Strontium | Strontian, a village in Scotland, where discovered | 1790 | alkaline earth | s | 87.6 | Strontium | Estroncio | Strontium | Stronzio | Стронций | 스트논듐 (스트론튬) | 锶 | 鍶 | Sōng | ストロンチウム | sutoronchiumu | stronti |
| 39 | Y | Yttrium | Ytterby, Sweden, where discovered; see also terbium, erbium, ytterbium | 1794 | transition metal | d | 88.9 | Yttrium | Ytrio | Yttrium | Ittrio | Иттрий | 이트륨 | 钇 | 釔 | Yǐ | イットリウム | ittoriumu | ytri |
| 40 | Zr | Zirconium | Zircon, a mineral > Persian zargun, 'gold-hued' | 1789 | transition metal | d | 91.2 | Zirconium | Zirconio | Zirconium | Zirconio | Цирконий | 지르코늄 | 锆 | 鋯 | Gào | ジルコニウム | jirukoniumu | zirconi |
| 41 | Nb | Niobium | Niobe, daughter of king Tantalus > Gk. myth.; see also tantalum | 1801 | transition metal | d | 92.9 | Niob | Niobio | Niobium | Niobio | Ниобий | 나이오븀 (니오븀, 니오브) | 铌 | 鈮 | Nǐ | ニオブ | niobu | niobi |
| 42 | Mo | Molybdenum | Gk. molýbdaina, 'piece of lead' > mólybdos, 'lead', due to confusion with lead ore galena (PbS) | 1778 | transition metal | d | 96 | Molybdän | Molibdeno | Molybdène | Molibdeno | Молибден | 몰리브덴 (몰리브덴넘) | 钼 | 鉬 | Mù | モリブデン | moribuden | molypden |
| 43 | Tc | Technetium | Gk. tekhnētós, 'artificial' | 1937 | transition metal | d | [97][a] | Technetium | Tecnecio | Technétium | Tecnezio | Технеций | 테크네튬 | 锝 | 鍀 | Dā | テクネチウム | tekunechiumu | tecneti |
| 44 | Ru | Ruthenium | New Lat. Ruthenia, 'Russia' | 1844 | transition metal | d | 101.1 | Ruthenium | Rutenio | Ruthénium | Rutenio | Рутений | 루테늄 | 钌 | 釕 | Liǎo | ルテニウム | ruteniumu | rutheni |
| 45 | Rh | Rhodium | Gk. rhodóeis, 'rose-coloured' > rhódon, 'rose' | 1803 | transition metal | d | 102.9 | Rhodium | Rodio | Rhodium | Rodio | Родий | 로듐 | 铑 | 銠 | Lǎo | ロジウム | rojiumu | rhodi |
| 46 | Pd | Palladium | Pallas, an asteroid | 1803 | transition metal | d | 106.4 | Palladium | Paladio | Palladium | Palladio | Палладий | 팔라듐 | 钯 | 鈀 | Bǎ | パラジウム | parajiumu | paladi |
| 47 | Ag | Silver | Eng.; Ag > Lat. argentum | Ø | transition metal | d | 107.9 | Silber (Argentum) | Plata | Argent | Argento | Серебро | 은 | 银 | 銀 | Yín | 銀 | gin | bạc |
| 48 | Cd | Cadmium | New Lat. cadmia > King Kadmos | 1817 | transition metal | d | 112.4 | Cadmium | Cadmio | Cadmium | Cadmio | Кадмий | 카드뮴 | 镉 | 鎘 | Lì | カドミウム | kadomiumu | cadmi |
| 49 | In | Indium | Lat. indicum, 'indigo', the blue colour found in its spectrum | 1863 | metal | p | 114.8 | Indium | Indio | Indium | Indio | Индий | 인듐 | 铟 | 銦 | Yīn | インジウム | injiumu | indi |
| 50 | Sn | Tin | Eng.; Sn > Lat. stannum | Ø | metal | p | 118.7 | Zinn (Stannum) | Estaño | Étain | Stagno | Олово | 주석 | 锡 | 錫 | Xī | スズ | suzu | thiếc |
| 51 | Sb | Antimony | Lat. antimonium, of uncertain origin[2]; Sb > Lat. stibium 'stibnite' | Ø | metaloid | p | 121.8 | Antimon (Stibium) | Antimonio | Antimoine | Antimonio | Сурьма | 안티모니 (안티몬) | 锑 | 銻 | Tí | アンチモン / アンチモニー | anchimon, anchimonii | antimon (Stibi) |
| 52 | Te | Tellurium | Lat. tellus, 'the ground, earth' | 1782 | metaloid | p | 127.6 | Tellur | Telurio | Tellure | Tellurio | Теллур | 텔루륨 (텔루르) | 碲 | 碲 | Dì | テルル | teruru | telu |
| 53 | I | Iodine | Fr. iode > Gk. ioeidḗs, 'violet' | 1804 | halogen | p | 126.9 | Iod | Yodo | Iode | Iodio | Иод | 아이오딘 (요오드) | 碘 | 碘 | Diǎn | ヨウ素 | youso | iod |
| 54 | Xe | Xenon | Gk. xénon, neuter form of xénos 'strange' | 1898 | noble gas | p | 131.3 | Xenon | Xenón | Xénon | Xenon | Ксенон | 크세논 (제논) | 氙 | 氙 | Xiān | キセノン | kisenon | xenon |
| 55 | Cs | Caesium | Lat. caesius, 'sky-blue' | 1860 | alkali metal | s | 132.9 | Caesium | Cesio | Césium | Cesio | Цезий | 세슘 | 铯 | 銫 | Sè | セシウム | seshiumu | xêzi |
| 56 | Ba | Barium | Gk. barýs, 'heavy' | 1808 | alkaline earth | s | 137.3 | Barium | Bario | Baryum | Bario | Барий | 바륨 | 钡 | 鋇 | Bèi | バリウム | bariumu | bari |
| 57 | La | Lanthanum | Gk. lanthánein, 'to lie hidden' | 1839 | transition metal | f | 138.9 | Lanthan | Lantano | Lanthane | Lantanio | Лантан | 란타넘 (란탄) | 镧 | 鑭 | Làn | ランタン | rantan | lanthan |
| 58 | Ce | Cerium | Ceres, dwarf planet | 1803 | lanthanoid | f | 140.1 | Cer | Cerio | Cérium | Cerio | Церий | 세륨 | 铈 | 鈰 | Shì | セリウム | seriumu | xeri |
| 59 | Pr | Praseodymium | Gk. prásios dídymos, 'green twin' | 1885 | lanthanoid | f | 140.9 | Praseodym | Praseodimio | Praséodyme | Praseodimio | Празеодим | 프라세오디뮴 | 镨 | 鐠 | Pǔ | プラセオジム | puraseojimu | praseođimi |
| 60 | Nd | Neodymium | Gk. néos dídymos, 'new twin' | 1925 | lanthanoid | f | 144.2 | Neodym | Neodimio | Néodyme | Neodimio | Неодим | 네오디뮴 | 钕 | 釹 | Nǚ | ネオジム | neojimu | neođim |
| 61 | Pm | Promethium | Prometheus, a figure in Gk. myth. | 1945 | lanthanoid | f | [145] | Promethium | Prometio | Prométhium | Promezio | Прометий | 프로메튬 | 钷 | 鉕 | Pō | プロメチウム | puromechiumu | prometi |
| 62 | Sm | Samarium | Samarskite, mineral named for Samarsky-Bykhovets, Ru. mine official | 1879 | lanthanoid | f | 150.4 | Samarium | Samario | Samarium | Samario | Самарий | 사마륨 | 钐 | 釤 | Shàn | サマリウム | samariumu | samari |
| 63 | Eu | Europium | Europe | 1901 | lanthanoid | f | 152 | Europium | Europio | Europium | Europio | Европий | 유로퓸 | 铕 | 銪 | Yǒu | ユウロピウム | yuuropiumu | europi |
| 64 | Gd | Gadolinium | Gadolinite, mineral for Finnish chemist Johan Gadolin | 1880 | lanthanoid | f | 157.3 | Gadolinium | Gadolinio | Gadolinium | Gadolinio | Гадолиний | 가돌리늄 | 钆 | 釓 | Qiú | ガドリニウム | gadoriniumu | gadolini |
| 65 | Tb | Terbium | Ytterby, Sweden, where discovered; see also yttrium, erbium, ytterbium | 1843 | lanthanoid | f | 158.9 | Terbium | Terbio | Terbium | Terbio | Тербий | 테르븀 (터븀) | 铽 | 鋱 | Tè | テルビウム | terubiumu | terbi |
| 66 | Dy | Dysprosium | Gk. dysprósitos, 'hard to get' | 1886 | lanthanoid | f | 162.5 | Dysprosium | Disprosio | Dysprosium | Disprosio | Диспрозий | 디스프로슘 | 镝 | 鏑 | Dí | ジスプロシウム | jisupuroshiumu | dysprosi |
| 67 | Ho | Holmium | New Lat. Holmia, 'Stockholm' | 1878 | lanthanoid | f | 164.9 | Holmium | Holmio | Holmium | Olmio | Гольмий | 홀뮴 | 钬 | 鈥 | Huǒ | ホルミウム | horumiumu | holmi |
| 68 | Er | Erbium | Ytterby, Sweden, where discovered; see also yttrium, terbium, ytterbium | 1843 | lanthanoid | f | 167.3 | Erbium | Erbio | Erbium | Erbio | Эрбий | 에르븀 (어븀) | 铒 | 鉺 | Èr | エルビウム | erubiumu | erbi |
| 69 | Tm | Thulium | Thule, the ancient name for an unclear northern location | 1879 | lanthanoid | f | 168.9 | Thulium | Tulio | Thulium | Tulio | Тулий | 툴륨 | 铥 | 銩 | Diū | ツリウム | tsuriumu | tuli |
| 70 | Yb | Ytterbium | Ytterby, Sweden, where discovered; see also yttrium, terbium, erbium | 1878 | lanthanoid | f | 173.1 | Ytterbium | Yterbio | Ytterbium | Itterbio | Иттербий | 이테르븀 (이터븀) | 镱 | 鐿 | Yì | イッテルビウム | itterubiumu | ytterbi |
| 71 | Lu | Lutetium | Lat. Lutetia, 'Paris' | 1907 | lanthanoid | d | 175 | Lutetium | Lutecio | Lutécium | Lutezio | Лютеций | 루테튬 | 镥 | 鑥 | Lǔ | ルテチウム | rutechiumu | luteti |
| 72 | Hf | Hafnium | New Lat. Hafnia, 'Copenhagen' > Danish havn, harbour | 1923 | transition metal | d | 178.5 | Hafnium | Hafnio | Hafnium | Afnio | Гафний | 하프늄 | 铪 | 鉿 | Jiā | ハフニウム | hafuniumu | hafni |
| 73 | Ta | Tantalum | King Tantalus, father of Niobe > Gk. myth.; see also niobium | 1802 | transition metal | d | 181 | Tantal | Tantalio | Tantale | Tantalio | Тантал | 탄탈럼 (탄탈) | 钽 | 鉭 | Tǎn | タンタル | tantaru | tantan |
| 74 | W | Tungsten | Swedish tung sten, 'heavy stone'; W > Wolfram, orig. Mid. H. Ger. wolf-rahm 'wolf's foam' describing the mineral wolframite | 1783 | transition metal | d | 183.8 | Wolfram | Wolframio | Tungstène | Tungsteno | Вольфрам | 텅스텐 | 钨 | 鎢 | Wū | タングステン | tangusuten | wolfram |
| 75 | Re | Rhenium | Lat. Rhenus, 'the Rhine' | 1925 | transition metal | d | 186.2 | Rhenium | Renio | Rhénium | Renio | Рений | 레늄 | 铼 | 錸 | Lái | レニウム | reniumu | rheni |
| 76 | Os | Osmium | Gk. osmḗ, 'smell' | 1804 | transition metal | d | 190.2 | Osmium | Osmio | Osmium | Osmio | Осмий | 오스뮴 | 锇 | 鋨 | Tiě | オスミウム | osumiumu | osmi |
| 77 | Ir | Iridium | Iris, Gk. goddess of the rainbow | 1804 | transition metal | d | 192.2 | Iridium | Iridio | Iridium | Iridio | Иридий | 이리듐 | 铱 | 銥 | Yī | イリジウム | irijiumu | iridi |
| 78 | Pt | Platinum | Spanish platina, 'little silver' > plata 'silver' | 1735 | transition metal | d | 195.1 | Platin | Platino | Platine | Platino | Платина | 백금 | 铂 | 鉑 | Bó | 白金 | hakkin | bạch kim |
| 79 | Au | Gold | Eng.; Au > Lat. aurum | Ø | transition metal | d | 197 | Gold (Aurum) | Oro | Or | Oro | Золото | 금 | 金 | 金 | Jīn | 金 | kin | vàng |
| 80 | Hg | Mercury | Mercury, Roman god of commerce & communication, known for speed and mobility; Hg > Lat. hydrargyrum > Gk. hydrárgyros, 'water-silver' | Ø | transition metal | d | 200.6 | Quecksilber (Hydrargyrum) | Mercurio | Mercure | Mercurio | Ртуть | 수은 | 汞 | 汞 | Gǒng | 水銀 | suigin | thủy ngân |
| 81 | Tl | Thallium | Gk. thallós, 'green shoot or twig' | 1861 | metal | p | 204.4 | Thallium | Talio | Thallium | Tallio | Таллий | 탈륨 | 铊 | 鉈 | Shī | タリウム | tariumu | tali |
| 82 | Pb | Lead | Eng.; Pb > Lat. plumbum | Ø | metal | p | 207.2 | Blei (Plumbum) | Plomo | Plomb | Piombo | Свинец | 납 | 铅 | 鉛 | Qiān | 鉛 | namari | chì |
| 83 | Bi | Bismuth | Ger. Wismut > weiß Masse 'white mass', or > Ar. | Ø | metal | p | 209 | Bismut (also Wismut) | Bismuto | Bismuth | Bismuto | Висмут | 비스무트 | 铋 | 鉍 | Bì | ビスマス | bisumusu | bismuth |
| 84 | Po | Polonium | Lat. Polonia, 'Poland', country of Marie Curie | 1898 | metal | p | [209][a] | Polonium | Polonio | Polonium | Polonio | Полоний | 폴로늄 | 钋 | 釙 | Pò | ポロニウム | poroniumu | poloni |
| 85 | At | Astatine | Gk. ástatos, 'unstable' | 1940 | halogen | p | [210] | Astat | Astato | Astate | Astato | Астат | 아스타틴 | 砹 | 砹 | Ài | アスタチン | asutachin | astatin |
| 86 | Rn | Radon | Radium emanation, orig., name of isotope Radon-222 | 1898 | noble gas | p | [222] | Radon | Radón | Radon | Radon | Радон | 라돈 | 氡 | 氡 | Dōng | ラドン | radon | radon |
| 87 | Fr | Francium | France, country of discoverer Marguerite Perey | 1939 | alkali metal | s | [223] | Francium | Francio | Francium | Francio | Франций | 프랑슘 | 钫 | 鈁 | Fāng | フランシウム | furanshiumu | franci |
| 88 | Ra | Radium | Fr. radium > Lat. radius, 'ray' | 1898 | alkaline earth | s | [226] | Radium | Radio | Radium | Radio | Радий | 라듐 | 镭 | 鐳 | Léi | ラジウム | rajiumu | radi |
| 89 | Ac | Actinium | Gk. aktís, 'ray' | 1899 | actinoid | f | [227] | Actinium | Actinio | Actinium | Attinio | Актиний | 악티늄 | 锕 | 錒 | Kē | アクチニウム | akuchiniumu | actini |
| 90 | Th | Thorium | Thor, Scandinavian god of thunder | 1828 | actinoid | f | 232 | Thorium | Torio | Thorium | Torio | Торий | 토륨 | 钍 | 釷 | Tǔ | トリウム | toriumu | thori |
| 91 | Pa | Protactinium | > Gk. prôtos, 'first, before' + actinium, as Ac is produced by radioactive decay of Pa | 1917 | actinoid | f | 231 | Protactinium | Protactinio | Protactinium | Protoattinio | Протактиний | 프로트악티늄 (프로탁티늄) | 镤 | 鏷 | Pú | プロトアクチニウム | purotoakuchiniumu | protactini |
| 92 | U | Uranium | Uranus, the seventh planet | 1789 | actinoid | f | 238 | Uran | Uranio | Uranium | Uranio | Уран | 우라늄 | 铀 | 鈾 | Yóu | ウラン | uran | urani |
| 93 | Np | Neptunium | Neptune, the eighth planet | 1940 | actinoid | f | [237] | Neptunium | Neptunio | Neptunium | Nettunio | Нептуний | 넵투늄 | 镎 | 鎿 | Nài | ネプツニウム | neputsuniumu | neptuni |
| 94 | Pu | Plutonium | Pluto, a dwarf planet | 1940 | actinoid | f | [244] | Plutonium | Plutonio | Plutonium | Plutonio | Плутоний | 플루토늄 | 钚 | 鈈 | Bū | プルトニウム | purutoniumu | plutoni |
| 95 | Am | Americium | The Americas, where first synthesised, by analogy with its homologue europium | 1945 | actinoid | f | [243] | Americium | Americio | Américium | Americio | Америций | 아메리슘 | 镅 | 鎇 | Mǐ | アメリシウム | amerishiumu | americi |
| 96 | Cm | Curium | Pierre Curie and Marie Curie, Fr. physicists and chemists | 1944 | actinoid | f | [247] | Curium | Curio | Curium | Curio | Кюрий | 퀴륨 | 锔 | 鋦 | Jū | キュリウム | kyuriumu | curi |
| 97 | Bk | Berkelium | Berkeley, California, where first synthesized | 1949 | actinoid | f | [247] | Berkelium | Berkelio | Berkélium | Berkelio | Берклий | 버클륨 | 锫 | 錇 | Péi | バークリウム | bākuriumu | berkeli |
| 98 | Cf | Californium | California, where first synthesised at LBNL laboratory | 1950 | actinoid | f | [251] | Californium | Californio | Californium | Californio | Калифорний | 칼리포르늄 (칼리포늄) | 锎 | 鐦 | Kǎ | カリホルニウム | karihoruniumu | californi |
| 99 | Es | Einsteinium | Albert Einstein, Ger. physicist | 1952 | actinoid | f | [252] | Einsteinium | Einsteinio | Einsteinium | Einsteinio | Эйнштейний | 아인시타이늄 (아인슈타이늄) | 锿 | 鎄 | Ài | アインスタイニウム | ainsutainiumu | einsteini |
| 100 | Fm | Fermium | Enrico Fermi, Ital. physicist | 1953 | actinoid | f | [257] | Fermium | Fermio | Fermium | Fermio | Фермий | 페르뮴 | 镄 | 鐨 | Fèi | フェルミウム | ferumiumu | fermi |
| 101 | Md | Mendelevium | Dmitri Mendeleev, Ru. chemist who proposed periodic table | 1955 | actinoid | f | [258] | Mendelevium | Mendelevio | Mendélévium | Mendelevio | Менделевий | 멘델레븀 | 钔 | 鍆 | Mén | メンデレビウム | menderebiumu | mendelevi |
| 102 | No | Nobelium | Alfred Nobel, Swedish chemist and engineer | 1957 | actinoid | f | [259] | Nobelium | Nobelio | Nobélium | Nobelio | Нобелий | 노벨륨 | 锘 | 鍩 | Tiǎn | ノーベリウム | nōberiumu | nobeli |
| 103 | Lr | Lawrencium | Ernest Lawrence, Am. physicist | 1961 | actinoid | d | [266] | Lawrencium | Laurencio | Lawrencium | Laurenzio | Лоуренсий | 로렌슘 | 铹 | 鐒 | Láo | ローレンシウム | rōrenshiumu | lawrenci |
| 104 | Rf | Rutherfordium | Ernest Rutherford, New Zealnd chemist & physicist | 1970 | transition metal | d | [267] | Rutherfordium | Rutherfordio | Rutherfordium | Rutherfordio | Резерфордий | 러더포듐 | 𬬻 | 鑪 | Lú | ラザホージウム | razahōjiumu | rutherfordi |
| 105 | Db | Dubnium | Dubna, Russia, where synthesized at JINR laboratory | 1974 | transition metal | d | [268] | Dubnium | Dubnio | Dubnium | Dubnio | Дубний | 더브늄 | 𬭊 | 𨧀 | Dù | ドブニウム | dobuniumu | dubni |
| 106 | Sg | Seaborgium | Glenn T. Seaborg, Am. chemist | 1976 | transition metal | d | [269] | Seaborgium | Seaborgio | Seaborgium | Seaborgio | Сиборгий | 새보쥼 | 𬭳 | 𨭎 | Xǐ | シーボーギウム | shībōgiumu | seaborgi |
| 107 | Bh | Bohrium | Niels Bohr, Danish physicist | 1984 | transition metal | d | [270] | Bohrium | Bohrio | Bohrium | Bohrio | Борий | 보륨 | 𬭛 | 𨨏 | Bō | ボーリウム | bōriumu | bohri |
| 108 | Hs | Hassium | New Lat. Hassia, 'Hesse', Ger. province | 1982 | transition metal | d | [269] | Hassium | Hassio | Hassium | Hassio | Хассий | 하슘 | 𬭶 | 𨭆 | Hēi | ハッシウム | hasshiumu | hassi |
| 109 | Mt | Meitnerium | Lise Meitner, Austrian physicist | 1987 | synthetic | d | [278] | Meitnerium | Meitnerio | Meitnérium | Meitnerio | Мейтнерий | 마이트너륨 | 鿏 | 䥑 | Mài | マイトネリウム | maitoneriumu | meitneri |
| 110 | Ds | Darmstadtium | Darmstadt, Germany, where first synthesised at GSI laboratories | 1994 | synthetic | d | [281] | Darmstadtium | Darmstadtio | Darmstadtium | Darmstadtio | Дармштадтий | 다름슈타튬 | 𫟼 | 鐽 | Dá | ダームスタチウム | dāmusutachiumu | darmstadti |
| 111 | Rg | Roentgenium | Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, Ger. physicist | 1996 | synthetic | d | [282] | Roentgenium | Roentgenio | Roentgenium | Roentgenio | Рентгений | 뢴트게늄 | 𬬭 | 錀 | Lún | レントゲニウム | rentogeniumu | roentgeni |
| 112 | Cn | Copernicium | Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish astronomer | 1996 | synthetic | d | [285] | Copernicium | Copernicio | Copernicium | Copernicio | Коперниций | 코페르니슘 | 鿔 | 鎶 | Gē | コペルニシウム | koperunishiumu | . |
| 113 | Nh | Nihonium | Jp. Nihon, 'Japan', where first synthesised at Riken laboratories | 2004 | synthetic | p | [286] | Nihonium | Nihonio | Nihonium | Nihonio | Нихоний | 니호늄 | 鉨 | 鉨 | Nǐ | ニホニウム | nihoniumu | . |
| 114 | Fl | Flerovium | Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, part of JINR, where first synthesised; itself named for Georgy Flyorov, Ru. physicist | 1998 | synthetic | p | [289] | Flerovium | Flerovio | Flérovium | Flerovio | Флеровий | 플레로븀 | 𫓧 | 鈇 | Fū | フレロビウム | furerobiumu | . |
| 115 | Mc | Moscovium | Moscow, Russia, where first synthesised at JINR laboratories | 2003 | synthetic | p | [290] | Moscovium | Moscovio | Moscovium | Moscovio | Московий | 모스코비움 | 镆 | 鏌 | Mò | モスコビウム | mosukobiumu | . |
| 116 | Lv | Livermorium | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California | 2000 | synthetic | p | [293] | Livermorium | Livermorio | Livermorium | Livermorio | Ливерморий | 리버모륨 | 𫟷 | 鉝 | Lì | リバモリウム | ribamoriumu | . |
| 117 | Ts | Tennessine | Tennessee, United States, location of Oak Ridge National Laboratory | 2009 | synthetic | p | [294] | Tenness | Teneso | Tennesse | Tennesso | Теннессин | 테네신 | (石)田 | (石)田 | (Shí) tián | テネシン | teneshin | . |
| 118 | Og | Oganesson | Yuri Oganessian, Ru. physicist | 2002 | synthetic | p | [294] | Oganesson | Oganesón | Oganesson | Oganesson | Оганесон | 우누녹튬 | (气)奧 | (气)奧 | (Qì) ào | オガネソン | oganeson | . |
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_element
- ↑ Antimony: perhaps > Gk. antí ('against') + mónos ('alone'), or Old Fr. anti-moine, 'Monk's bane', or possibly Latinized Ar. ʾiṯmid, 'antimony'
