Logical connectors list

Logical relationship	Coord. conj.	Subord. conj.	Adverbial and phrasal transitions	Prep.
time & sequence	and, or	as, by the time*, as soon as, as long as, before, since, after, until, when, whenever, while	after that/this, afterward, afterwards*, and so forth*, at last, at length, at that time, at the same time (as / that), beforehand, concurrently, currently, earlier, eventually, finally, formerly, from now on, immediately, in addition, in the future, in the meantime, in the meantime*, in the past, last, last but not least*, later, later on, meanwhile, moreover, next, now, presently, previously, recently, shortly, simultaneously, soon, soon afterwards*, still, subsequently, subsequently, then, thereafter, this instant, today, tomorrow, yet	before, since, after, until, during
addition	and, as, also, both...and, either...or, not only... but also, neither...nor	that, who, which, whose, why, what, whatever, whoever, how much/ many,	also, as a matter of fact, besides, by the way*, equally important, finally, first, first of all*, fourth...), further, furthermore, in addition, incidentally, in the first place, last, last of all, likewise, moreover, next, second (second of all*, still, still/yet another, third, too, yet	plus, besides, in addition to
repetition, emphasis, restatement			(the) aforementioned, above all, as I said earlier*, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, i.e., in essence, in other words, in other words*, namely, once again, on the whole*, particularly, primarily, singularly, still, that is, that is to say*, to put it differently*, to repeat*, to restate*, with attention to,
exception	other than		except for the fact that, aside from, barring, excluding, besides, except, excepting, except for, exclusive of, outside of, save, with the exception of
example	as, such as, like		an instance of this...*, as an illustration*, by way of an example*, chiefly, e.g., especially*, first of all*, for example, for instance, for one thing*, including, in particular, more specifically, namely, specifically, such as, that is, this can be seen in*, thus, to demonstrate, to enumerate, to illustrate*,	as, like
reason, purpose	and, for	because, since, so that, in order that, in order to, so as to	all things considered, because of this, for this purpose, for this reason to this end, this/that being the case, to do so, to do this*, to this end, with this in mind, with this object(ive), with this purpose in mind,	because of, due to, in light of (this), given (X)
result, cause and effect	so, and, thus	so that, such (a) [noun] that, if...then, therefore, it follows that, because, since	accordingly, apparently, as a consequence, as a result, consequently, due to this, for this reason, hence, it is apparent (that), thereby, therefore, thereupon, thus,	as a consequence of, in light of (this)
manner, similarity	as	as, as if, as though, how, however [= in whichever way that X]	likewise, so, accordingly, comparatively, coupled with, correspondingly, identically, likewise, similar, similarly, together with	based on, depending on, according to
condition	in case	if, as long as, unless [=except if], in case (that), provided that, supposing (that), whether, whether or not*	this/that being the case, it may be (the case)	in (the) case of,
concession	but, yet	it may be (the case) that, although, though, however, granted that	of course, naturally, it may be the case that, granted, it is true that, certainly, and yet, even so, even though, nevertheless, otherwise, though, notwithstanding
contrast	but, yet, or, nor	although, though, even though, while, in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that, however	however, one the one hand...on the other hand, nevertheless, on the contrary, to the contrary, however, still, in contrast, conversely, at the same time, regardless, nevertheless, in contrast, after all, and yet, conversely, instead, rather, still, otherwise, for all that*, though this may be (so / the case)*, alternatively, at the same time*	as opposed to, in contrast to, instead of, in spite of, despite, rather than, regardless (of), in opposition to
compar-ison	just as, just as...so to, or		likewise, similarly, also, again, in the same way/ manner, in comparison, relatively speaking, by the same token*, in like manner, in like fashion
summary, conclusion			above all, all things considered, as (I have*) demonstrated/ shown, as a result, as has been demonstrated/ shown, as the data/ facts show, finally, in any event*, in brief, in brief*, in conclusion, in short, in short*, in summary, in the final analysis, in the long run*, last of all*, on the whole*, on the whole*, therefore, thus, to conclude, to sum, to summarize, to sum up*, without a doubt, with this in mind*,
place, direction			next to, above, behind, beyond, near, across from, to the right/ left, here, there, in between, opposite (to), nearby, at this/that point, surrounding, adjacent to, in the background / foreground, in the forefront, in the distance

*Indicates more colloquial, informal, or non-academic expressions. Comma & punctuation guides: http://owl.english.purdue.edu.

1 See also

See also

• Discourse particles
• Discourse markers
• Connectors
• Teaching discourse markers

1.1 Pedagogical handouts

The following are PDFs for teachers and students

1. Connectives chart: Some common transitionals
2. A landscape version of the above chart
3. A handout version of the above chart
4. Intro to transitionals
5. Coherence devices for logical flow
6. Cohesive devices for connections among words, word flow, and clear wording
7. Transitionals problemata: Common problems that East Asians students have with connectors / transitionals